Menée par questionnaire auprès de 231 participants fumeurs, cette étude américano-australienne évalue l'efficacité et l'impact des messages publicitaires télévisuels anti-tabac sur les comportements tabagiques

Assessing the effectiveness of antismoking television advertisements: do audience ratings of perceived effectiveness predict changes in quitting intentions and smoking behaviours?

Brennan, Emily ; Durkin, Sarah J ; Wakefield, Melanie A ; Kashima, Yoshihisa

Background : Decisions about which antismoking advertisements should be aired are often guided by audience ratings of perceived effectiveness (PE). Given that the usefulness of PE measures depends on their ability to predict the likelihood that a message will have a positive impact on outcomes such as behaviour change, in the current study we used pre-exposure, postexposure and follow-up measures to test the association between PE and subsequent changes in quitting intentions and smoking [...]

Menée en Israël auprès de 318 enfants de 164 patients atteints de cancer colorectal, cette étude évalue l'association entre une histoire familiale de cancer et une adhésion aux recommandations de prévention du cancer colorectal

Do individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer adhere to medical recommendations for the prevention of colorectal cancer?

Bronner, Karen ; Mesters, Ilse ; Weiss-Meilnik, Ahuva ; Geva, Ravit ; Rozner, Guy ; Strul, Hana ; Inbar, Moshe ; Halpern, Zamir ; Kariv, Revital

Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC), have a two-to-five-fold increased lifetime risk to develop CRC. Thus, they are particularly likely to benefit from adherence to medical recommendations for CRC prevention. Despite this increased risk, previous studies have shown an underutilization of colonoscopy for screening and a paucity of data on lifestyle habits that could enhance colonoscopy rates in this population. The primary aims were (a) to assess CRC screening patterns [...]

Menée par questionnaire dans le sud-est des Etats-Unis, cette étude analyse l'impact de l'information et de la communication relative au dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus sur les connaissances et les comportements de prévention des femmes infectées par le VIH

Assessing the Influence of Health Literacy on HIV-Positive Women’s Cervical Cancer Prevention Knowledge and Behaviors

Bynum, ShalandaA ; Wigfall, LisaT ; Brandt, HeatherM ; Richter, DonnaL ; Glover, SaundraH ; Hébert, JamesR

Women living with HIV (WLH) bear a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer and may face challenges understanding health information. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of health literacy on WLH cervical cancer screening knowledge and behaviors. WLH were recruited from clinic- and community-based settings in the southeastern USA. The majority of women completing a questionnaire assessing factors related to cervical cancer were African American (90 %). About 38 % of women [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte EPIC incluant 451 151 participants de 10 pays européens, cette étude analyse l'association entre une consommation de fruits et de légumes et la mortalité, en prenant en compte d'autres facteurs de risque

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Mortality: European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition

Leenders, Max ; Sluijs, Ivonne ; Ros, Martine M. ; Boshuizen, Hendriek C. ; Siersema, Peter D. ; Ferrari, Pietro ; Weikert, Cornelia ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Olsen, Anja ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise ; Nailler, Laura ; Teucher, Birgit ; Li, Kuanrong ; Boeing, Heiner ; Bergmann, Manuela M. ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Lagiou, Pagona ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ; Palli, Domenico ; Pala, Valeria ; Panico, Salvatore ; Tumino, Rosario ; Sacerdote, Carlotta ; Peeters, Petra H. M. ; van Gils, Carla H. ; Lund, Eiliv ; Engeset, Dagrun ; Redondo, Maria Luisa ; Agudo, Antonio ; Sánchez, María José ; Navarro, Carmen ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Sonestedt, Emily ; Ericson, Ulrika ; Nilsson, Lena Maria ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nicholas J. ; Key, Timothy J. ; Crowe, Francesca L. ; Romieu, Isabelle ; Gunter, Marc J. ; Gallo, Valentina ; Overvad, Kim ; Riboli, Elio ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas

In this study, the relation between fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality was investigated within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition. Survival analyses were performed, including 451,151 participants from 10 European countries, recruited between 1992 and 2000 and followed until 2010. Hazard ratios, rate advancement periods, and preventable proportions to respectively compare risk of death between quartiles of consumption, to estimate the period by which the [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin transgénique d'adénocarcinome de la prostate, cette étude analyse l'efficacité des germes de soja et de la poudre de tomate, combinés ou non, pour inhiber la carcinogenèse

The interactions of dietary tomato powder and soy germ on prostate carcinogenesis in the TRAMP model

Zuniga, Krystle ; Clinton, Steven K. ; Erdman, John W.

The interactions between bioactive rich food components within a complex human diet for the inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis (PCa) are largely unknown and difficult to quantify in humans. Tomato and soy products have each shown anti-PCa activity in laboratory studies. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of dietary tomato and soy germ, alone and in combination, for the inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) [...]

Menée en population américaine auprès de 892 cas et de 863 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre une consommation de thé ou de café et le risque de cancer de la prostate

Associations of tea and coffee consumption with prostate cancer risk

Geybels, MilanS ; Neuhouser, MarianL ; Stanford, JanetL

Tea and coffee contain bioactive compounds and both beverages have recently been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods : We studied associations of tea and coffee consumption with PCa risk in a population-based case–control study from King County, Washington, USA. Prostate cancer cases were diagnosed in 2002–2005 and matched to controls by 5-year age groups. Logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results : Among [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2012 (11 études), cette méta-analyse montre une association entre l'utilisation de statines et une réduction du risque de cancer gastrique

Statins are associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Singh, P.P. ; Singh, S.

Background Several observational studies have shown that statins may modify the risk of gastric cancer (GC). We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the effect of statins on GC risk.Patients and methods We conducted a systematic search of multiple databases up to December 2012. Studies that evaluated exposure to statins, reported GC outcomes and odds ratio (OR) or provided data for their estimation were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled OR estimates with [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant les mécanismes moléculaires associés aux effets chimiopréventifs de la silibinine, une phytosubstance extraite du chardon-Marie, sur la carcinogenèse de la prostate

Molecular Mechanisms of Silibinin-Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention with Major Emphasis on Prostate Cancer

Ting, H. ; Deep, G. ; Agarwal, R.

Despite advances in early detection, prostate cancer remains the second highest cancer mortality in American men, and even successful interventions are associated with enormous health care costs as well as prolonged deleterious effects on quality of patient life. Prostate cancer chemoprevention is one potential avenue to alleviate these burdens. It is a regime whereby long-term treatments are intended to prevent or arrest cancer development, in contrast to more direct intervention upon disease [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2012 (89 études), cette étude évalue l'efficacité de médicaments (raloxifène, tamoxifène) pour réduire le risque de cancer du sein chez les femmes à risque élevé et identifie les événements indésirables associés

Use of Medications to Reduce Risk for Primary Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

Nelson, Heidi D. ; Smith, M. E. Beth ; Griffin, Jessica C. ; Fu, Rongwei

Background: Medications to reduce risk for primary breast cancer are recommended for women at increased risk; however, use is low.Purpose: To update evidence about the effectiveness and adverse effects of medications to reduce breast cancer risk, patient use of such medications, and methods for identifying women at increased risk for breast cancer.Data Sources: MEDLINE and Cochrane databases (through 5 December 2012), Scopus, Web of Science, clinical trial registries, and reference lists.Study [...]

Menée sur la ville de New York, cette étude américaine évalue l'association entre les augmentations, sur la période 2003-2010, des taxes indirectes sur le tabac et l'évolution des achats de cigarettes de contrebande

The Impact of Cigarette Excise Tax Increases on Purchasing Behaviors Among New York City Smokers

Coady, Micaela H. ; Chan, Christina A. ; Sacks, Rachel ; Mbamalu, Ijeoma G. ; Kansagra, Susan M.

Objectives. We examined the relationship between cigarette excise tax increases and tax-avoidant purchasing behaviors among New York City adult smokers. Methods. We analyzed data from the city?s annual Community Health Survey to assess changes in rates of tax avoidance over time (2003?2010) and smokers? responses to the 2008 state cigarette tax increase. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified correlates of buying more cigarettes on the street in response to the increase. Results. [...]

Mené auprès de trois groupes de participants (79, 80 et 76 personnes), cet essai randomisé évalue et compare l'efficacité de cigarettes à faible teneur en nicotine, prises avec ou sans patch nicotinique, ainsi qu'une utilisation de patchs seuls pour contribuer à un sevrage tabagique sur le long terme

Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes and Nicotine Patch

Hatsukami, Dorothy K. ; Hertsgaard, Louise A. ; Vogel, Rachel ; Jensen, Joni A. ; Murphy, Sharon E. ; Hecht, Stephen S. ; Carnella, Steve G. ; al'Absi, Mustafa ; Joseph, Anne M ; Allen, Sharon S.

Background: Reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes have led to smoking fewer cigarettes, withdrawal relief, and facilitation of cessation. The aim of this study is to examine the effects RNC cigarettes with and without nicotine patch and patch alone on smoking behavior, toxicant exposure, withdrawal discomfort and as an exploratory analysis, on long-term abstinence. Methods:This study involved a randomized, parallel arm design and six weeks of: 1) 0.05-0.09 mg nicotine yield cigarettes [...]

Menée auprès de 1 275 participants présentant un risque élevé de cancer colorectal, cette étude identifie des indicateurs permettant d'évaluer la qualité d'un programme de prévention du cancer colorectal

Quality indicators to assess a colorectal cancer prevention program

Serra-Sutton, V. ; Serrano, C. B. ; Carreras, M. E.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement a set of indicators to assess the quality of care of a new healthcare model for prevention of colorectal cancer in a high-risk population. Methods: Information was obtained retrospectively from electronic clinical records, review of documentation, and a survey. The high-risk clinic for colorectal cancer was created in Barcelona (Spain) in 2006. All users at greater risk of colorectal cancer assessed through the new healthcare model were [...]