Menée au Portugal auprès d'une cohorte de 5 420 fumeuses ayant eu un enfant entre 2005 et 2006, cette étude évalue le taux de cessation tabagique durant la grossesse et identifie les facteurs associés à une rechute dans les quatre ans après l'accouchement

Long-Term Maintenance of Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: An Analysis of the Birth Cohort Generation XXI

Alves, Elisabete ; Azevedo, Ana ; Correia, Sofia ; Barros, Henrique

Introduction: Pregnancy affords opportunities for health promotion and disease prevention. We worked with a population-based cohort of women who gave birth in Portugal to quantify the proportion of women who quit smoking during pregnancy, the proportion of these women who continued to abstain 4 years after delivery, and the determinants of these outcomes.Methods: A birth cohort was assembled in public maternity units of Porto, Portugal, in 2005–2006, and all women were reevaluated at an average [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 3 521 adolescents âgés de 12 à 16 ans, cette étude prospective chinoise analyse l'évolution de leur attitude vis-à-vis du tabac et identifie les facteurs de risque associés au tabagisme précoce

Developmental Trajectories of Cigarette Use and Associations With Multilayered Risk Factors Among Chinese Adolescents

Xie, Bin ; Palmer, Paula ; Li, Yan ; Lin, Cindy ; Johnson, C. Anderson

Introduction: We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of cigarette use and risk factors associated with the distinct developmental courses of smoking in Chinese early adolescents from age 12 to 16 years.Methods: Analysis was conducted with secondary data from a longitudinal, prospective cohort of 3,521 Chinese adolescents randomly selected from 4 rural and 7 urban middle schools in Wuhan, China. A group-based growth mixture modeling approach was adopted to identify developmental [...]

Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir d'entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de 36 fumeurs issus de milieux défavorisés et ayant au moins un enfant de moins de 5 ans, cette étude analyse le rôle d'un traitement substitutif nicotinique pour arrêter temporairement de fumer au domicile afin de protéger les enfants contre le tabagisme passif

The role of nicotine replacement therapy for temporary abstinence in the home to protect children from environmental tobacco smoke exposure: a qualitative study with disadvantaged smokers

Atkinson, Olesya ; Coleman, Tim ; McNeill, Ann ; Lewis, Sarah ; Jones, Laura

BACKGROUND:Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has recently been licensed to help smokers to abstain from smoking for short time periods and recent studies have shown that 8-14% of smokers are regularly using NRT to cope when they cannot or are not allowed to smoke. These data suggest that, potentially, NRT for temporary abstinence might be an acceptable method to help smoking caregivers, who are not able to stop smoking completely, to avoid smoking whilst inside their home in order to protect [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études récentes sur l'efficacité du sélénium dans la prévention des cancers et analyse les causes de succès et d'échecs

Toward Understanding Success and Failures in the Use of Selenium for Cancer Prevention

Steinbrenner, H. ; Speckmann, B. ; Sies, H.

Abstract Significance: Adequate and supranutritional selenium (Se) intake, maintaining full expression of selenoproteins, has been assumed to be beneficial for human health with respect to prevention of cancer. Strikingly, the effectiveness of dietary Se supplementation depends on many factors : baseline Se status, age, gender, and genetic background of an individual; type of cancer; and time point of intervention in addition to metabolic conversion and dose of applied Se compounds. Recent [...]

Menée à Shanghai sur 444 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du poumon, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de soja avant le diagnostic de la maladie et la survie globale des patientes

Prediagnosis Soy Food Consumption and Lung Cancer Survival in Women

Yang, Gong ; Shu, Xiao-Ou ; Li, Hong-Lan ; Chow, Wong-Ho ; Wen, Wanqing ; Xiang, Yong-Bing ; Zhang, Xianglan ; Cai, Hui ; Ji, Bu-Tian ; Gao, Yu-Tang ; Zheng, Wei

Purpose We recently reported an inverse association between soy food intake and lung cancer risk among nonsmoking women. The effect size for aggressive lung cancers was larger than that observed for other types of lung cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that soy consumption may favorably affect the overall survival of patients with lung cancer.Patients and Methods This analysis included 444 women with incident lung cancer identified from the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Prediagnosis soy food [...]

Cet article passe en revue les essais cliniques récents concernant la chimioprévention du cancer de la prostate dans le programme de recherche du "National Cancer Institute"

Prostate cancer prevention: strategies for agent development

Parnes, Howard L. ; House, Margaret G. ; Tangrea, Joseph A.

Purpose of review: This article provides an update of clinical research supported by the National Cancer Institute's Phase I/II prostate cancer chemoprevention agent development program. Recent findings: Numerous clinical trials of pharmacologic interventions to delay, prevent or reverse carcinogenesis ('chemoprevention') with the ultimate goal of reducing cancer incidence have been conducted over the past decade. These trials range from relatively small, short-duration studies with biomarker [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide de deux modèles de xénogreffe de cancer de la prostate, cette étude montre que la vitamine E peut avoir un effet antitumoral en facilitant l'inhibition de la sérine-thréonine kinase AKt par la phosphatase PHLPP1

Vitamin E Facilitates the Inactivation of the Kinase Akt by the Phosphatase PHLPP1

Huang, Po-Hsien ; Chuang, Hsiao-Ching ; Chou, Chih-Chien ; Wang, Huiling ; Lee, Su-Lin ; Yang, Hsiao-Ching ; Chiu, Hao-Chieh ; Kapuriya, Naval ; Wang, Dasheng ; Kulp, Samuel K. ; Chen, Ching-Shih

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties. Tocopherols are the predominant form of vitamin E found in the diet and in supplements and have garnered interest for their potential cancer therapeutic and preventive effects, such as the dephosphorylation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase with a pivotal role in cell growth, survival, and metabolism. Dephosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 substantially reduces its catalytic activity and inhibits downstream signaling. We found that the [...]