Menée sur une cohorte allemande incluant 9 949 hommes et femmes âgés de 50 à 74 ans (durée médiane de suivi : 8 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre les niveaux sériques de la 25-hydroxyvitamine D, issue de l'hydroxylation de la vitamine D par le foie, et le risque de cancer

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cancer risk in older adults. Results from a large German prospective cohort study

Ordonez Mena, Jose M. ; Schottker, Ben ; Haug, Ulrike ; Muller, Heiko ; Kohrle, Josef ; Schomburg, Lutz ; Holleczek, Bernd ; Brenner, Hermann

Background: Several observational studies assessed the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and the risk of cancer but results were inconclusive. Methods: We measured 25(OH)D concentrations in a population-based cohort study of 9,949 men and women aged 50-74 in Saarland, Germany. Comprehensively adjusted Cox regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between season-standardized [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les découvertes récentes concernant les effets anti-cancer et les mécanismes biologiques associés à la restriction calorique

Calorie restriction and cancer prevention: a mechanistic perspective

Hursting, Stephen ; Dunlap, Sarah ; Ford, Nikki ; Hursting, Marcie ; Lashinger, Laura

Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most potent broadly acting dietary interventions for inducing weight loss and for inhibiting cancer in experimental models. Translation of the mechanistic lessons learned from research on CR to cancer prevention strategies in human beings is important given the high prevalence of excess energy intake, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in many parts of the world and the established links between obesity-associated metabolic perturbations and increased risk or [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte de 15 607 femmes (âge : 35 ans et plus ; durée de suivi : 16 ans), cette étude japonaise évalue, en fonction du statut ménopausique des participantes, l'association entre la consommation d'isoflavones de soja et le risque de cancer du sein (172 cas)

Soy isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk in Japan: From the Takayama study

Wada, Keiko ; Nakamura, Kozue ; Tamai, Yuya ; Tsuji, Michiko ; Kawachi, Toshiaki ; Hori, Akihiro ; Takeyama, Naoharu ; Tanabashi, Shinobu ; Matsushita, Shogen ; Tokimitsu, Naoki ; Nagata, Chisato

The effects of soy or isoflavone intake on breast cancer need to be examined further in epidemiologic studies. We assessed the associations of soy and isoflavone intake with breast cancer incidence in a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. Participants were members from the Takayama study, aged 35 years or older in 1992. The follow-up was conducted from the time of the baseline study (September 1, 1992) to the end of March 2008. Cancer incidence was mainly confirmed through [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études récentes concernant le rôle potentiel et les mécanismes d'action de la curcumine, un pigment polyphénolique du Curcuma longa (plante du Sud de l'Asie), dans la prévention des cancers, puis suggère des recommandations pour améliorer son efficacité et sa biodisponibilité dans les applications cliniques

New perspectives of curcumin in cancer prevention

Park, Wungki ; Amin, A.R.M. Ruhul ; Chen, Zhuo Georgia ; Shin, Dong M.

Numerous natural compounds have been extensively investigated for their potential for cancer prevention over decades. Curcumin, from Curcuma longa, is a highly promising natural compound that can be potentially used for chemoprevention of multiple cancers. Curcumin modulates multiple molecular pathways involved in the lengthy carcinogenesis process to exert its chemopreventive effects through several mechanisms: promoting apoptosis, inhibiting survival signals, scavenging reactive oxidative [...]

Menée sur 1 200 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate traité par prostatectomie radicale (durée de suivi : 5 ans après l'intervention chirurgicale), cette étude évalue l'effet de l'utilisation de statines, avant ou après l'opération, sur le risque de récidive biochimique ou la progression de la maladie

Use of statins and prostate cancer recurrence among patients treated with radical prostatectomy

Chao, Chun ; Jacobsen, Steven J. ; Xu, Lanfang ; Wallner, Lauren P. ; Porter, Kimberly R. ; Williams, Stephen G.

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? * Statins have shown broad spectrum anti-cancer properties in laboratory studies. In epidemiological studies, use of statins has been associated with reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer. However, the effects of statins on prostate cancer disease progression following curative treatment have not been extensively studied, and previous studies reported conflicting results. * This study found no clear association between overall statin [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude évalue l'effet chimiopréventif d'une supplémentation en glutamine sur la tumorigenèse du côlon associée à une colite induite par des agents chimiques

Chemopreventive effect of dietary glutamine on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice

Tian, Yun ; Wang, Keming ; Wang, Zhaoxia ; Li, Nan ; Ji, Guozhong

Chronic colonic inflammation is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Glutamine (GLN) supplementation has shown its anti-inflammation benefit in experimental colitis. Whether GLN is effective in preventing colon carcinogenesis remains to be investigated. The chemopreventive activity of GLN was evaluated in the mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)/azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colitis-associated CRC in our study. Mice were treated with DSS/AOM and randomized to receive either a [...]

Cette étude américaine analyse l'efficacité de 6 annonces publicitaires pour détourner des produits du "tabac sans fumée" les adultes ayant une pratique tabagique ou venant d'arrêter de fumer (1 836 participants)

Testing messages to reduce smokers’ openness to using novel smokeless tobacco products

Popova, Lucy ; Neilands, Torsten B ; Ling, Pamela M

Introduction Tobacco manufacturers’ aggressive promotion of new smokeless tobacco products such as snus warrants a timely and effective public health response. This study tested potential countermarketing messages to discourage current and former smokers from becoming dual users of smokeless tobacco and cigarettes. Methods In a pretest-post-test experiment, 1836 adult current and recently former smokers from a national sample were randomised to view one of six antismokeless tobacco ads followed [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature, cette étude analyse l'impact des prix du tabac ou des taxes sur le début des pratiques tabagiques

The impact of tobacco prices on smoking onset: a methodological review

Guindon, Godefroy Emmanuel

The benefits of preventing smoking onset are well known. Existing reviews clearly demonstrate that increasing the prices of tobacco products reduces smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. However, only a small number of studies included in existing reviews have examined smoking onset (the transition between never smoking and smoking). Moreover, existing reviews provide limited quality assessment of the data and methods utilised. This paper systematically searches for and critically [...]