Mené sur 633 fumeurs adultes (durée de suivi : 6 mois), cet essai clinique évalue leur adhésion à un traitement nicotinique de substitution d'une durée de 4 semaines, identifie les facteurs principaux pouvant influencer l'utilisation du traitement, puis analyse la relation entre la consommation du médicament et l'abstinence tabagique

Adherence to and Consumption of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and the Relationship With Abstinence Within a Smoking Cessation Trial in Primary Care

Hollands, Gareth J. ; Sutton, Stephen ; McDermott, Máirtín S. ; Marteau, Theresa M. ; Aveyard, Paul

Introduction: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) medications have been shown to be effective in increasing smoking cessation rates. There is, however, a lack of good evidence describing how individuals in primary care use these medications and which factors are likely to affect this. The study objectives are to describe adherence and consumption, examine key factors that may determine use, and examine the relationship between consumption of NRT and abstinence from smoking.Methods: Secondary [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 8 571 fumeurs (durée moyenne de suivi : 5,5 ans), cette étude finlandaise analyse, en fonction du statut tabagique des participants, l'influence de la proximité et du nombre de débits de tabac sur la probabilité d'arrêter le tabagisme

Proximity to a tobacco store and smoking cessation: a cohort study

Halonen, Jaana I ; Kivimäki, Mika ; Kouvonen, Anne ; Pentti, Jaana ; Kawachi, Ichiro ; Subramanian, S V ; Vahtera, Jussi

Background : It is not clear whether the availability of tobacco affects the likelihood of smoking cessation. We examined whether the proximity to a tobacco store and the number of stores were associated with smoking cessation, and compared results for proximity variables based on walking and straight-line (as the crow flies) distance. Methods : The study population consisted of 8751 baseline smokers from the Finnish Public Sector study in 1997–2005. Smoking intensity (cigarettes/day) was [...]

A partir de questionnaires auprès de 328 adolescentes ou jeunes femmes dont 135 ont été vaccinées contre le papillomavirus humain (âge : 14 à 23 ans), cette étude française évalue leurs connaissances et leurs comportements en matière de prévention des infections sexuellement transmissibles

Prevention of sexually transmitted infections among girls and young women in relation to their HPV vaccination status

Lutringer-Magnin, Delphine ; Kalecinski, Julie ; Cropet, Claire ; Barone, Giovanna ; Ronin, Vincent ; Regnier, Veronique ; Leocmach, Yann ; Jacquard, Anne-Carole ; Vanhems, Philippe ; Chauvin, Franck ; Lasset, Christine

Background: Having been vaccinated against the human papilloma virus (HPV) may affect other behaviours related to sexual health. This study assessed knowledge and behaviour relevant to the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among girls/women aged 14–23 years in relation to their HPV vaccination status. Methods: From November 2008 to February 2009, 328 girls/women from the Rhône-Alpes region were recruited by general practitioners and completed a self-administered [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin transgénique, cette étude évalue l'effet d'une supplémentation en tocotriénols du rocou (fruit du Bixa orellana, un arbuste d'Amérique tropicale) sur la tumorigenèse mammaire

Effect of annatto-tocotrienols supplementation on the Development of Mammary Tumors in HER-2/neu Transgenic Mice

Pierpaoli, Elisa ; Viola, Valentina ; Barucca, Alessandra ; Orlando, Fiorenza ; Galli, Francesco ; Provinciali, Mauro

Tocotrienols (T3s), the lesser known isomers of vitamin E, have been reported to possess anticancer activity both in in vitro and in vivo experimental models of rodents transplanted with parental tumors or treated with carcinogens. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with annatto-tocotrienols (T3) (90% δ-T3 and 10% γ-T3) on the spontaneous development of mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Underlying mechanisms of the antitumor effect were evaluated studying [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que la restriction calorique peut inhiber le processus d'inflammation des glandes mammaires associé à l'obésité et au cancer du sein après la ménopause

Caloric Restriction Reverses Obesity Induced Mammary Gland Inflammation in Mice

Bhardwaj, Priya ; Du, Baoheng ; Zhou, Xi Kathy ; Sue, Erika ; Harbus, Michael D. ; Falcone, Domenick J. ; Giri, Dilip ; Hudis, Clifford A. ; Kopelovich, Levy ; Subbaramaiah, Kotha ; Dannenberg, Andrew J.

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in post-menopausal women. Estrogen synthesis is catalyzed by aromatase. Recently, we identified an obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis in mouse models and women. In mouse models of obesity, inflammatory foci characterized by crown-like structures (CLS) consisting of dead adipocytes encircled by macrophages were found in the mammary gland (MG). CLS of the breast were found in most overweight and obese women. [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin de carcinogenèse mammaire, cette étude montre que le bexarotène, un analogue de la vitamine A, induit la sénescence des cellules tumorales

Bexarotene induces cellular senescence in the MMTV-Neu mouse model of mammary carcinogenesis

Shilkaitis, Anne ; Bratescu, Laura ; Green, Albert ; Yamada, Tohru ; Christov, Konstantin

Previous studies have shown that retinoids and rexinoids can prevent breast cancer in animal models and in women with increased risk of developing the disease. The cellular effects of these Vitamin A analogs have been primarily associated with induction of differentiation and inhibition of proliferation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin), a rexinoid, can not only inhibit cell proliferation but also induce cellular senescence in mammary epithelial [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'une xénogreffe, cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'un traitement combinant l'erlotinib, un inhibiteur du récepteur EGFR, et le célécoxib, un inhibiteur de la voie de signalisation de la cyclo-oxygénase 2, dans la chimioprévention d'un cancer de la tête et du cou

Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer by Simultaneous Blocking of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Cyclooxygenase-2 Signaling Pathways : Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Shin, Dong M. ; Zhang, Hongzheng ; Saba, Nabil F. ; Chen, Amy Y. ; Nannapaneni, Sreenivas ; Amin, A.R.M. Ruhul ; Muller, Susan ; Lewis, Melinda ; Sica, Gabriel ; Kono, Scott ; Brandes, Johann C. ; Grist, William J. ; Moreno-Williams, Rachel ; Beitler, Jonathan J. ; Thomas, Sufi M. ; Chen, Zhengjia ; Shin, Hyung Ju C. ; Grandis, Jennifer R. ; Khuri, Fadlo R. ; Chen, Zhuo Georgia

Purpose: We investigated the efficacy and underlying molecular mechanism of a novel chemopreventive strategy combining EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (COX-2I). Experimental Design: We examined the inhibition of tumor cell growth by combined EGFR-TKI (erlotinib) and COX-2I (celecoxib) treatment using head and neck cancer cell lines and a preventive xenograft model. We studied the antiangiogenic activity of these agents and examined the [...]

Mené en France auprès de 1 814 adolescents issus de 8 centres de formation d'apprentis (âge : 15 à 20 ans), cet essai prospectif contrôlé évalue, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique à 12 mois, l'efficacité d'un programme de sevrage tabagique reposant sur des séances d'information collectives, de conseils individualisés et d'un traitement nicotinique de substitution

Efficacy of a smoking cessation program in a population of adolescent smokers in vocational schools: a public health evaluative controlled study

Minary, Laetitia ; Cambon, Linda ; Martini, Herve ; Wirth, Nathalie ; Acouetey, Dovi ; Thouvenot, Francine ; Maire, Celine ; Martinet, Yves ; Bohadana, Abraham ; Zmirou-Navier, Denis ; Alla, Francois

BACKGROUND:To evaluate the public health efficacy of a community-based smoking cessation program (TABADO) among vocational school trainees (15 to 20 years old).METHODS:This prospective, controlled, quasi-experimental study was conducted in eight vocational training centres (VTC) in France. The intervention group underwent the TABADO program, which included a general information session for all students and small-group sessions plus individual counselling and nicotine therapy, if needed, for [...]

Mené sur 209 fumeurs infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine, cet essai évalue, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique, l'efficacité de 3 programmes d'interventions reposant sur un traitement nicotinique de substitution combiné à une séance de conseils individualisés, à une assistance en ligne ou à un groupe de soutien

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Smoking Cessation Treatments Provided in HIV Clinical Care Settings

Humfleet, Gary L. ; Hall, Sharon M. ; Delucchi, Kevin L. ; Dilley, James W.

Introduction: Identifying successful smoking treatment interventions and methods of delivery is critical given the smoking rates among HIV-positive populations and the medical implications of smoking in this population. This study compared the efficacy of 3 smoking cessation interventions provided in HIV clinical treatment settings.Methods: Following a baseline assessment, 209 HIV-positive smokers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions in a parallel group design. Treatment conditions were [...]

Mené sur 1 716 jeunes consommateurs de tabac à mâcher (âge : 14 à 25 ans), cet essai randomisé compare, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique à 6 mois, l'efficacité de deux programmes d'interventions en ligne, l'un proposant un guide avec pages web statiques, l'autre proposant des recommandations sur mesure et des fonctionnalités interactives

Randomized Controlled Trial of MyLastDip: A Web-Based Smokeless Tobacco Cessation Program for Chewers Ages 14–25

Danaher, Brian G. ; Severson, Herbert H. ; Andrews, Judy A. ; Tyler, Milagra S. ; Lichtenstein, Edward ; Woolley, Timothy G. ; Seeley, John R.

Introduction: Use of smokeless tobacco (ST) is a significant public health problem for young adults, many of whom want to quit. We describe the outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) examining the efficacy of two web-based ST cessation interventions targeting young chewers. Methods: One thousand seven hundred and sixteen ST users wanting to quit were recruited online to the MyLastDip program and randomly assigned to one of two fully automated web-based ST cessation interventions: (a) an [...]

A partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès de 315 jeunes adultes, cette étude chinoise évalue l'efficacité de 4 types de messages anti-tabagiques ciblant directement ou indirectement le destinataire et basés sur les effets négatifs du tabac ou les effets positifs de l'arrêt du tabagisme sur la santé

Influence of Smoking Norms and Gain–Loss Antismoking Messages on Young Chinese Adults

Bresnahan, Mary Jiang ; Zhuang, Jie ; Sun, Shaojing

Introduction: This study tested efficacy of 4 types of smoking prevention messages directed toward young Chinese adults based on message framing and the target of the message. The claim that social smoking is an entrenched behavior was also tested. Methods: This study was based on a 2 (friends vs. self) × 2 (gain vs. loss) factorial design. Respondents were directed to a Web site, where they answered questions about demographics and smoking status and then read 1 of 4 experimental messages or [...]