Mené sur 92 patients présentant des adénomes colorectaux, cet essai randomisé évalue les effets chimiopréventifs d'une supplémentation en vitamine D3 et en calcium sur les processus impliqués dans la voie de signalisation APC/

A randomized clinical trial of the effects of supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 on the APC/β-catenin pathway in the normal mucosa of colorectal adenoma patients

Ahearn, Thomas U. ; Shaukat, Aasma ; Flanders, W. Dana ; Rutherford, Robin E. ; Bostick, Roberd M.

APC/β-catenin pathway perturbation is a common early event in colorectal carcinogenesis and is affected by calcium and vitamin D in basic science studies. To assess the effects of calcium and vitamin D on APC, β-catenin, and E-cadherin expression in the normal appearing colorectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 2x2 factorial clinical trial. Pathology-confirmed colorectal adenoma cases were treated with 2 g/day [...]

Cette étude montre que l'administration orale d'un mélange de tocophérol δ et γ, de la famille de la vitamine E, peut inhiber la tumorigenèse mammaire chez un modèle murin de cancer du sein ER+

Dietary administration of δ- and γ-tocopherol inhibits tumorigenesis in the animal model of estrogen-receptor positive, but not HER-2 breast cancer

Smolarek, Amanda K. ; So, Jae-Young ; Burgess, Brenda ; Kong, Ah-Ng Tony ; Reuhl, Kenneth ; Lin, Yong ; Shih, Weichung J. ; Li, Guangxun ; Lee, Mao-Jung ; Chen, Yu-Kuo ; Yang, Chung S. ; Suh, Nanjoo

Tocopherol, a member of the vitamin E family, consists of four forms designated as α, β, γ, and δ. Several large cancer prevention studies with α tocopherol have reported no beneficial results, but recent laboratory studies have suggested that δ- and γ-tocopherol may be more effective. In two different animal models of breast cancer, the chemopreventive activities of individual tocopherols were assessed using diets containing 0.3% of tocopherol (α-, δ- or γ-) or 0.3% of a γ-tocopherol rich [...]

Menée sur 198 patients atteints d'un carcinome rhinopharyngé et sur 594 témoins (âge : 18 à 76 ans), cette étude italienne évalue l'association entre la consommation de caroténoïdes et de divers nutriments et le risque de développer la maladie

Dietary intakes of carotenoids and other nutrients in the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study in Italy

Polesel, J. ; Negri, E. ; Serraino, D. ; Parpinel, M. ; Barzan, L. ; Libra, M. ; Bosetti, C. ; Garavello, W. ; Montella, M. ; La Vecchia, C. ; Franceschi, S. ; Talamini, R.

Background : Dietary habits have been related to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but information on a wide range of macro- and micronutrients is still lacking, particularly for low-incidence countries. Methods : We conducted a hospital-based case–control study in Italy on 198, histologically confirmed, NPC cases of Caucasian ethnicity of 18–76 years of age. Controls were 594 Caucasian cancer-free patients admitted to general hospitals for acute conditions. Nutrients intake was [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études récentes concernant les mécanismes par lesquels le calcitriol peut inhiber la carcinogenèse et fait le point sur les niveaux sanguins de vitamine D associés à cette inhibition

Molecular Aspects of Vitamin D Anticancer Activity

Picotto, Gabriela ; Liaudat, Ana C. ; Bohl, Luciana ; Talamoni, Nori Tolosa de

Environment may influence the development and prevention of cancer. Calcitriol has been associated with calcium homeostasis regulation. Many epidemiological, biochemical, and genetic studies have shown non-classic effects of vitamin D, such as its involvement in the progression of different cancers. Although vitamin D induces cellular arrest, triggers apoptotic pathways, inhibits angiogenesis, and alters cellular adhesion, the precise mechanisms of its action are still not completely [...]

A partir des données de 3 essais de phase III incluant au total 5 723 patients traités pour un myélome multiple, un cancer du sein, un cancer de la prostate ou présentant d'autres types de tumeurs solides avec métastases osseuses, cette étude multicentrique montre que le denosumab est plus efficace que l'acide zolédronique pour prévenir la survenue d'événements indésirables associés au squelette

Superiority of denosumab to zoledronic acid for prevention of skeletal-related events: A combined analysis of 3 pivotal, randomised, phase 3 trials

Lipton, Allan ; Fizazi, Karim ; Stopeck, Alison T. ; Henry, David H. ; Brown, Janet E. ; Yardley, Denise A. ; Richardson, Gary E. ; Siena, Salvatore ; Maroto, Pablo ; Clemens, Michael ; Bilynskyy, Boris ; Charu, Veena ; Beuzeboc, Philippe ; Rader, Michael ; Viniegra, Maria ; Saad, Fred ; Ke, Chunlei ; Braun, Ada ; Jun, Susie

Background Patients with bone metastases from advanced cancer often experience skeletal-related events (SRE), which cause substantial pain and morbidity. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANK Ligand (RANKL), is a novel bone-targeted agent with a distinct mechanism of action relative to the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid, for prevention of SRE. This pre-planned analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of denosumab versus zoledronic acid across three pivotal studies. [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin d'adénocarcinome du poumon résistant aux traitements courants en raison d'une mutation des gènes RAS et p53, cette étude montre qu'un traitement à base de microARN-34 peut prévenir l'initiation et la progression tumorales

miRNA-34 prevents cancer initiation and progression in a therapeutically-resistant K-ras and p53-induced mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma

Kasinski, Andrea L ; Slack, Frank J

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and current therapies fail to treat this disease in the vast majority of cases. The RAS and p53 pathways are two of the most frequently altered pathways in lung cancers, with such alterations resulting in loss of responsiveness to current therapies and decreased patient survival. The microRNA-34 (mir-34) gene family members are downstream transcriptional targets of p53, and miR-34 expression is reduced in p53 mutant tumors; thus, we [...]

Menée sur le rat, cette étude montre qu'une métalloporphyrine anti-oxydante, la MnTE-2-PyP, peut réduire le risque d'événements indésirables associés à la radiothérapie dans le traitement du cancer de la prostate

The Antioxidant, MnTE-2-PyP, Prevents Side-Effects Incurred by Prostate Cancer Irradiation

Oberley-Deegan, Rebecca E. ; Steffan, Joshua J. ; Rove, Kyle O. ; Pate, Kathryn M. ; Weaver, Michael W. ; Spasojevic, Ivan ; Frederick, Barbara ; Raben, David ; Meacham, Randall B. ; Crapo, James D. ; Koul, Hari K.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 240,000 new cases reported annually in the United States. Due to early detection and advances in therapies, more than 90% of patients will survive 10 years post diagnosis and treatment. Radiation is a treatment option often used to treat localized disease; however, while radiation is very effective at killing tumor cells, normal tissues are damaged as well. Potential side-effects due to prostate cancer-related radiation [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin d'adénocarcinome de la prostate, cette étude montre que la plumbagine, une substance extraite de la racine de la plante Plumbago zeylanica L, peut inhiber le développement des cellules tumorales en ciblant l'expression de la protéine kinase C epsilon, la phosphorylation du facteur de transcription STAT3 et des marqueurs neuro-endocriniens

Plumbagin inhibits prostate cancer development in TRAMP mice via targeting PKCε, Stat3 and neuroendocrine markers

Hafeez, Bilal Bin ; Zhong, Weixiong ; Mustafa, Ala ; Fischer, Joseph W ; Witkowsky, Olya ; Verma, Ajit K

Plumbagin (PL), 5-hydroxy-2methyl-4-napthoquinone, is a quinoid constituent isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L (also known as chitrak). PL has also been found in Juglans regia (English Walnut), Juglans cinerea (whitenut) and Juglans nigra (blacknut). The roots of Plumbago zeylanic have been used in Indian and Chinese systems of medicine for more than 2,500 years for the treatment of various types of ailments. We were the first to report that PL inhibits the [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'une xénogreffe de cancer du sein, cette étude montre que le garcinol, une substance végétale, peut avoir un effet chimiopréventif sur le développement tumoral en partie par l'inhibition de la voie de signalisation de la protéine STAT3

Anticancer action of garcinol in vitro and in vivo is in part mediated through inhibition of STAT-3 signaling

Ahmad, Aamir ; Sarkar, Sanila H. ; Aboukameel, Amro ; Ali, Shadan ; Biersack, Bernhard ; Seibt, Sebastian ; Li, Yiwei ; Bao, Bin ; Kong, Dejuan ; Banerjee, Sanjeev ; Schobert, Rainer ; Padhye, Subhash B. ; Sarkar, Fazlul H.

Garcinol, obtained from Garcinia indica, has exhibited some promising anticancer activity. In particular, our earlier work has demonstrated its ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines representative of breast, prostate as well as pancreatic cancers. However, its exact mechanism of action remains largely unclear. Here we show that garcinol also targets signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) signaling pathway. STAT-3 is [...]