A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (21 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'effet de l'activité physique sur le risque de cancer au niveau des régions distales et proximales du côlon

Physical Activity and Risks of Proximal and Distal Colon Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Boyle, Terry ; Keegel, Tessa ; Bull, Fiona ; Heyworth, Jane ; Fritschi, Lin

Background Although there is convincing epidemiological evidence that physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer, it is unclear whether physical activity is differentially associated with the risks of proximal colon and distal colon cancers. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this issue. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for English-language cohort and case–control studies that examined associations between physical activity and the [...]

A partir de données médicales portant sur 2 043 patients atteints d'un cancer primitif non invasif de la vessie et ayant subi une résection trans-urétrale de la vessie avec ou sans instillation intravésicale (durée médiane de suivi : 49 mois), cette étude rétrospective évalue les effets du tabagisme et de son arrêt sur le risque de récidive et la survie globale des patients

Impact of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Oncologic Outcomes in Primary Nonmuscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

Michael, Rink ; Helena, Furberg ; Emily, C. Zabor ; Evanguelos, Xylinas ; Marko, Babjuk ; Armin, Pycha ; Yair, Lotan ; Pierre, I. Karakiewicz ; Giacomo, Novara ; Brian, D. Robinson ; Francesco, Montorsi ; Felix, K. Chun ; Douglas, S. Scherr ; Shahrokh, F. Shariat

Background : Cigarette smoking is the best-established risk factor for urothelial carcinoma (UC) development, but the impact on oncologic outcomes remains poorly understood. Objective : To analyse the effects of smoking status, cumulative exposure, and time from smoking cessation on the prognosis of patients with primary non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Design, setting, and participants We collected smoking data from 2043 patients with primary NMIBC. Smoking variables included [...]

A partir d'un questionnaire auprès d'une cohorte de 42 824 hommes et 56 876 femmes (durée de suivi : 7 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation d'ail et le risque de cancer colorectal (579 cas masculins et 551 cas féminins)

Garlic consumption and colorectal cancer risk in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort

McCullough, M. L. ; Jacobs, E. J. ; Shah, R. ; Campbell, P. T. ; Gapstur, S. M.

PURPOSE: The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research identified a probable role for garlic in colorectal cancer prevention based on preclinical evidence and epidemiologic studies, but prospective data are limited. The purpose of this paper was to contribute additional evidence on this topic for men and women in a large prospective cohort study. METHODS: In 1999, 42,824 men and 56,876 women in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort completed a questionnaire [...]

Menée en Grèce dans la région de l'Attique auprès de 250 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal (âge : 51 à 75 ans ; 59% d'hommes) et de 250 témoins, cette étude cas-témoins évalue l'effet d'un régime alimentaire de type méditerranéen sur l'association entre le tabagisme et le risque de développer la maladie

The mediating effect of Mediterranean diet on the relation between smoking and colorectal cancer: a case–control study

Kontou, Niki ; Psaltopoulou, Theodora ; Soupos, Nick ; Polychronopoulos, Evangelos ; Xinopoulos, Dimitrios ; Linos, Athena ; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.

Background: The protective role of Mediterranean diet (MD) and the detrimental effect of smoking on colorectal cancer (CRC) have already been shown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential mediating effect of MD on the association between the aforementioned factor (smoking) and CRC. Methods: It is a case–control study. Two hundred fifty consecutive patients with CRC (63 ± 12 years, 59% males) and 250 age–sex group-matched controls, both from the area of Attica, were studied. Various [...]

A partir des données du registre de l'Ontario des cancers, cette étude analyse l'association entre la consommation de phytoestrogènes d'origine alimentaire pendant l'adolescence et l'âge adulte et le risque de cancer du sein, en fonction du sous-type de la tumeur

Phytoestrogen intake from foods, during adolescence and adulthood, and risk of breast cancer by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ERPR) tumour subgroup among Ontario women

Anderson, Laura N. ; Cotterchio, Michelle ; Boucher, Beatrice A. ; Kreiger, Nancy

Phytoestrogen intake may reduce breast cancer risk and limited evidence suggests this association may hold for hormone receptor positive tumours only. The study aims were to assess whether the association between phytoestrogen intake during adolescence and adulthood and breast cancer risk varies by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ERPR) tumour subgroup. Cases were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry (2002-2003) and ERPR status was ascertained from pathology reports for 81% of cases [...]

Menée sur 267 patients (âge : 40 à 80 ans) ayant présenté des adénomes colorectaux traités par résection, cette étude évalue l'effet de l'obésité sur le risque de récidive après traitement chimiopréventif combinant le difluorométhylornithine et le sulindac

Role of obesity in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) + sulindac for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas

Jason A. Zell ; Bruce S. Lin ; Nikki Madson ; Christine E. McLaren ; Eugene W. Gerner ; Frank L. Meyskens

Background : Chemoprevention with the polyamine-inhibitory regimen difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) + sulindac markedly reduces risk of recurrent adenoma in colorectal adenoma patients. Obesity is associated with risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer. This study investigates how obesity influences risk of recurrent adenoma after prolonged treatment with DFMO ? sulindac versus placebo. Methods : Our analysis included subjects enrolled in the phase III colorectal adenoma prevention [...]

A partir de questionnaires auprès de 84 602 femmes ménopausées, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (dont l'aspirine), de paracétamol et le risque de cancer du sein (4 734 cas)

Use of Aspirin, Other Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Acetaminophen and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Incidence

Zhang, Xuehong ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A. ; Collins, Laura C. ; Rosner, Bernard ; Willett, Walter C. ; Hankinson, Susan E.

Purpose The associations between use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and acetaminophen and breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women are uncertain. We examined these associations with breast cancer, both overall and by molecular subtype.Patients and Methods We observed 84,602 postmenopausal women, free of cancer in 1980, until June 2008 and prospectively collected data on analgesic use, reproductive history, and other lifestyle factors using biennial [...]

Cet article passe en revue les approches novatrices concernant la prévention primaire et secondaire du cancer du col de l'utérus

Cervical cancer prevention: New opportunities for primary and secondary prevention in the 21st century

Denny, L.

Cervical cancer is a relatively rare disease in countries that have instituted and maintained national screening programs, with call and recall of women at various intervals and built-in quality control with appropriate monitoring and evaluation. Unfortunately, this process has failed in most areas of the world where over 80% of new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed. Cervical cancer affects women in the prime of their lives and causes premature and needless suffering and death in a [...]