Menée sur des rats exposés au 1,2-diméthylhydrazine, cette étude montre qu'une supplémentation en graines de moutarde peut rétablir l'équilibre du système immunitaire et inhiber la carcinogenèse du côlon

Dietary Mustard Seeds (Sinapis alba Linn) Suppress 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Immuno-Imbalance and Colonic Carcinogenesis in Rats

Zhu, Minggu ; Yuan, Haifeng ; Guo, Wen ; Li, Xinyan ; Jin, Lin ; Brunk, Ulf T. ; Han, Jiahuai ; Zhao, Ming ; Lu, Yawei

In a Wistar rat model, prolonged supplementation of mustard seed (MS) to the diet significantly ameliorates the induction of colorectal carcinomas by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The expression of the splenocyte major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) was found significantly enhanced, whereas that of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) was significantly decreased. Compared to that of control animals, the proportion of spleenic B- and dendritic cells (DC) was amplified [...]

Menée sur une lignée cellulaire humaine de cancer du poumon, cette étude évalue l'activité antioxydante et antiproliférative d'extraits de graines et de pulpe de fruits du jamelonier (Syzygium cumini)

Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Anthocyanin/Ellagitannin-Enriched Extracts From Syzygium cumini L. (Jamun, the Indian Blackberry)

Aqil, Farrukh ; Gupta, Akash ; Munagala, Radha ; Jeyabalan, Jeyaprakash ; Kausar, Hina ; Sharma, Ram Jee ; Singh, Inder Pal ; Gupta, Ramesh C.

Colored fruits, particularly berries, are highly chemoprotective because of their antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory activities. We report the cancer chemoprotective potential of Syzygium cumini L., commonly known as jamun or Indian blackberry. Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics were extracted with acidic ethanol and enriched by amberlite XAD7/HP20 (1:1). The pulp powder was found to contain 0.54% anthocyanins, 0.17% ellagic acid/ellagitannins, and 1.15% total polyphenolics. [...]

Menée sur des xénogreffes de cancer avancé de la prostate, cette étude évalue les effets de quatre flavonolignanes extraits du Chardon-Marie (Silybum marianum) sur l'expression de molécules de signalisation impliquées dans l'angiogenèse tumorale

Angiopreventive Efficacy of Pure Flavonolignans from Milk Thistle Extract against Prostate Cancer: Targeting VEGF-VEGFR Signaling

Deep, Gagan ; Gangar, Subhash Chander ; Rajamanickam, Subapriya ; Raina, Komal ; Gu, Mallikarjuna ; Agarwal, Chapla ; Oberlies, Nicholas H. ; Agarwal, Rajesh

The role of neo-angiogenesis in prostate cancer (PCA) growth and metastasis is well established, but the development of effective and non-toxic pharmacological inhibitors of angiogenesis remains an unaccomplished goal. In this regard, targeting aberrant angiogenesis through non-toxic phytochemicals could be an attractive angiopreventive strategy against PCA. The rationale of the present study was to compare the anti-angiogenic potential of four pure diastereoisomeric flavonolignans, namely [...]

Menée sur une lignée cellulaire humaine de carcinome du côlon et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre que les polysaccaharides de faible poids moléculaire extraits de la pomme peuvent induire l'arrêt du cycle cellulaire des cellules tumorales

Low Molecular Weight Apple Polysaccharides Induced Cell Cycle Arrest in Colorectal Tumor

Li, Yuhua ; Mei, Lin ; Niu, Yinbo ; Sun, Yang ; Huang, Haitao ; Li, Qian ; Kong, Xianghe ; Liu, Li ; Li, Zhiquan ; Mei, Qibing

Dietary components play an important role in cancer prevention. Many ingredients from apples have been proven to have antitumor potency. We thus made low molecular weight apple polysaccharides (LMWAP) and evaluated the effects of it on colorectal cancer (CRC). The effects of LMWAP on human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29) were evaluated using a microarray. Then, cell-cycle distribution was measured by flow cytometric analysis. A colitis-associated colorectal cancer mouse model was used to assess [...]

Mené sur 34 887 hommes (durée médiane de suivi : 7,1 ans), cet essai randomisé contrôlé évalue l'effet d'une supplémentation en vitamine E et/ou sélénium sur le risque de cancer de la vessie

Evaluation of Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation for the Prevention of Bladder Cancer in SWOG Coordinated SELECT

Lotan, Y. ; Goodman, P. J. ; Youssef, R. F. ; Svatek, R. S. ; Shariat, S. F. ; Tangen, C. M. ; Thompson, I. M., Jr. ; Klein, E. A.

PURPOSE: Epidemiological and biological evidence suggests a preventive effect of selenium and vitamin E on bladder cancer. We assessed the effect of selenium and/or vitamin E on bladder cancer development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of the randomized, placebo controlled SELECT (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial), which included 34,887 men randomly assigned to 4 groups (selenium, vitamin E, selenium plus vitamin E and placebo) in double-blind fashion [...]

A partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès de 783 fumeurs adultes et de 510 jeunes, cette étude américaine évalue l'efficacité perçue de 36 messages anti-tabac illustrés sur les paquets de cigarettes, tels qu'ils sont proposés par la Food and Drug Administration

Pictorial Health Warnings on Cigarette Packs in the United States: An Experimental Evaluation of the Proposed FDA Warnings

Hammond, David ; Reid, Jessica L. ; Driezen, Pete ; Boudreau, Christian

Introduction: In 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed 36 proposed health warnings for cigarette packages, from which 9 were subsequently selected for implementation. The current study aimed to evaluate the perceived efficacy of the 36 proposed FDA warnings.Methods: Web-based surveys were conducted with 783 adult smokers and 510 youth in United States. Participants were randomized to view and rate two sets of 6–7 warnings, each set corresponding to one of nine health [...]

Menée sur 13 143 participants, cette étude canadienne évalue, à l'issue d'une période de 6 mois, l'efficacité et la portée d'un programme de sevrage tabagique consistant à envoyer par courrier, après une brève intervention téléphonique, un traitement de substitution à la nicotine

Reach and effectiveness of mailed nicotine replacement therapy for smokers: 6-month outcomes in a naturalistic exploratory study

Zawertailo, Laurie ; Dragonetti, Rosa ; Bondy, Susan J ; Victor, J Charles ; Selby, Peter

Background There are important inequities in smoker access to clinic-based smoking cessation services. Low barrier high-reach interventions are proposed as solutions to these inequities. Although effective, telephone quitlines, which provide multi-session counselling but no medication, have low utilization with high attrition. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), brief advice and self-help materials on quit attempts and [...]

Menée auprès de 213 participants, cette étude évalue l'intérêt d'un outil associant un questionnaire basé sur l'échelle de Likert et une modélisation des changements comportementaux pour identifier les habitudes concernant l'exposition solaire et les comportements adoptés pour se protéger du soleil

Measuring sun exposure habits and sun protection behaviour using a comprehensive scoring instrument – An illustration of a possible model based on Likert scale scorings and on estimation of readiness to increase sun protection

Falk, M. ; Anderson, C. D.

Background: Few attempts to present a comprehensive scoring instrument for sun exposure and protection have been made. The present paper aims to describe a possible set of questions suitable for such an instrument, comprising the most important aspects of sun exposure and protection. Methods: The material from a previously performed intervention study, using a questionnaire based on Likert scales and on the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change (TTM), was utilised. 213 primary healthcare [...]