A partir des données d'une étude menée au Canada (1 203 cas et 1 513 témoins), cette étude propose une approche modélisée pour évaluer et prendre en compte le poids du tabagisme dans l'association déjà établie entre le statut socioéconomique et le risque de cancer du poumon

Socioeconomic Position and Lung Cancer Risk: How Important is the Modeling of Smoking?

Nkosi, Thomas Matukala ; Parent, Marie-Élise ; Siemiatycki, Jack ; Rousseau, Marie-Claude

Background: Although it has been reported that low socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with lung cancer, the extent to which this reflects SEP differences in cigarette smoking is unclear. We investigated how various modeling approaches for smoking might influence this observed association. Methods: We used data from a case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada (1996-2002), comprising 1203 subjects with incident lung cancer and 1513 population controls. SEP was measured by [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude (1 217 cas et 1 235 témoins) évalue l'association entre le tabagisme et le risque de carcinome à cellules rénales, modulée en fonction de l'hypertension, de l'obésité et de l'ethnicité des participants

Cigarette smoking and renal cell carcinoma risk among black and white Americans: effect modification by hypertension and obesity

Coté, Michele L. ; Colt, Joanne S. ; Schwartz, Kendra L. ; Wacholder, Sholom ; Ruterbusch, Julie J. ; Davis, Faith G. ; Purdue, Mark P. ; Graubard, Barry I. ; Chow, Wang Ho

Introduction: Incidence of kidney cancer has been increasing over the past three decades, with more rapid increases and higher incidence rates among blacks than whites in the United States. An association between cigarette smoking and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common form of kidney cancer has been reported for whites, but the association in blacks is less clear. Methods:The association between smoking and RCC was examined in 1,217 incident cases and 1,235 population controls [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (1 680 cas et 3 052 témoins), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une exposition alimentaire aux aflatoxines et le risque de cancer du foie

Population attributable risk of aflatoxin-related liver cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu, Yan ; Chang, Chung-Chou H. ; Marsh, Gary M. ; Wu, Felicia

Over 4 billion people worldwide are exposed to dietary aflatoxins, which cause liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) in humans. However, the population attributable risk (PAR) of aflatoxin-related HCC remains unclear. In our systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies, summary odds ratios (ORs) of aflatoxin-related HCC with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in HBV+ and HBV− individuals, as well as the general population. We calculated the PAR of [...]

Menée au Japon auprès de 90 383 participants âgés de 45 à 74 ans, cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre une consommation alimentaire de cadmium sur le long terme et le risque de cancer

Long-term Dietary Cadmium Intake and Cancer Incidence

Sawada, Norie ; Iwasaki, Motoki ; Inoue, Manami ; Takachi, Ribeka ; Sasazuki, Shizuka ; Yamaji, Taiki ; Shimazu, Taichi ; Endo, Yoko ; Tsugane, Shoichiro

Background: Cadmium, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is classified as a carcinogenic substance. Several laboratory and epidemiologic studies of workers and subjects in polluted areas have suggested a positive association between cadmium exposure and risk of several cancers. However, data from general populations are sparse. We prospectively examined the association between cadmium exposure and incidence of cancer in a Japanese population with a relatively high dietary intake of cadmium. [...]

A partir des données de registres suédois, cette étude en population évalue l'association entre une infection par le virus de l'hépatite D et le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire

A Population-Based Study of Hepatitis D Virus as Potential Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Ji, Jianguang ; Sundquist, Kristina ; Sundquist, Jan

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is dependent on the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for transmission and replication because of its inability to produce its own coat. It remains unclear whether HDV infection increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Using the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and Outpatient Registry, we identified 9160 patients with chronic HBV infection between 1997 and 2008, of whom 327 had chronic HDV infection and 323 had acute HDV infection. Standardized incidence [...]

A partir d'échantillons provenant de biobanques norvégienne et suédoise, cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre une infection par le papillomavirus humain et le risque de cancer de la peau hors mélanome

Prospective Study of Human Papillomavirus Seropositivity and Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

Andersson, Kristin ; Michael, Kristina M. ; Luostarinen, Tapio ; Waterboer, Tim ; Gislefoss, Randi ; Hakulinen, Timo ; Forslund, Ola ; Pawlita, Michael ; Dillner, Joakim

Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in case-control studies, but there are limited data from prospective studies assessing whether virus exposure predicts risk of future cancer development. Two major biobanks, the Southern Sweden Microbiology Biobank (1971–2003) and the Janus Biobank (1973–2003) in Norway, containing samples from 850,000 donors, were searched for incident skin cancer for up to 30 years using registry linkages. [...]

A partir des données de deux études cas-témoins (1 754 cas et 1 645 témoins), cette étude analyse l'association entre la circoncision et le risque de cancer de la prostate

Circumcision and the risk of prostate cancer

Wright, Jonathan L. ; Lin, Daniel W. ; Stanford, Janet L.

BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence support a role for infectious agents in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). In particular, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been implicated in PCa etiology, and studies have found that the risk of acquiring a STI can be reduced with circumcision. Therefore, circumcision may reduce PCa risk. METHODS: Participant data collected as part of 2 population-based case-control studies of PCa were analyzed. Self-reported circumcision status, age at [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (9 études, 16 806 cas et 13 982 témoins), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre des polymorphismes du gène PSCA et le risque de cancer de l'estomac

Prostate stem cell antigen polymorphisms and susceptibility to gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang, Tao ; Zhang, Lina ; Li, Haixin ; Wang, Bangmao ; Chen, Kexin

Background:Many studies have reported that prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) polymorphisms (rs2294008 and/or 2976392) are significantly associated with gastric cancer (GC) risk, although the published results are inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for relevant literatures to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between PSCA polymorphisms and GC susceptibility. Methods:Extensive searches were conducted in three databases up to November 1, 2011. Odd ratios and [...]

Menée à partir des données de la cohorte "Nurses’ Health Study" incluant 85 924 participantes entre 1980 et 2008, cette étude américaine évalue l'association entre l'ingestion de magnésium, le niveau de peptide C mesuré dans le sang et le risque de cancer colorectal

Magnesium intake, plasma C-peptide, and colorectal cancer incidence in US women: a 28-year follow-up study

Zhang, X. ; Giovannucci, E. L. ; Wu, K. ; Smith-Warner, S. A. ; Fuchs, C. S. ; Pollak, M. ; Willett, W. C. ; Ma, J.

Background: Laboratory studies suggest a possible role of magnesium intake in colorectal carcinogenesis but epidemiological evidence is inconclusive. Method: We tested magnesium–colorectal cancer hypothesis in the Nurses’ Health Study, in which 85 924 women free of cancer in 1980 were followed until June 2008. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable relative risks (MV RRs, 95% confidence intervals). Results: In the age-adjusted model, magnesium intake was [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (14 études de cohorte), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'indice glycémique, la charge glycémique, le niveau de glucides et le risque de cancer colorectal

Carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Aune, D. ; Chan, D. ; Lau, R. ; Vieira, R. ; Greenwood, D. ; Kampman, E. ; Norat, T.

Background Dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load are thought to influence colorectal cancer risk through hyperinsulinemia. We review and quantitatively summarize in a meta-analysis the evidence from prospective cohort studies. Methods We searched the PubMed database for prospective studies of carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load and colorectal cancer risk, up to October 2011. Summary relative risks were estimated by the use of a random effects model. Results We [...]

Cette étude multicentrique en population américaine (1 644 cas et 1 451 témoins) évalue l'association entre des variations de gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme des oestrogènes et le risque de cancer du sein, en fonction de l'appartenance ethnique

Estrogen-related genes and their contribution to racial differences in breast cancer risk

Reding, Kerryn ; Chen, Chu ; Lowe, Kimberly ; Doody, David ; Carlson, Christopher ; Chen, Christina ; Houck, John ; Weiss, Linda ; Marchbanks, Polly ; Bernstein, Leslie ; Spirtas, Robert ; McDonald, Jill ; Strom, Brian ; Burkman, Ronald ; Simon, Michael ; Liff, Jonathan ; Daling, Janet ; Malone, Kathleen

Racial differences in breast cancer risk, including the risks of hormone receptor subtypes of breast cancer, have been previously reported. We evaluated whether variation in genes related to estrogen metabolism ( COMT , CYP1A1 , CYP1B1 , CYP17A1 , CYP19A1 , ESR1 , GSTM1 , GSTP1 , GSTT1 , HSD17B1 , SULT1A1 , and UGT1A1 ) contributes to breast cancer risk and/or racial differences in risk within the CARE study, a multi-centered, population-based case–control study of breast cancer. Genetic [...]

Menée sur 175 familles belges et canadiennes ne présentant pas de mutation des gènes BRCA1 ou BRCA2 mais affectées par le cancer du sein et de l'ovaire, cette étude évalue l'association entre des variants du gène RAD51D et le risque de cancer de l'ovaire

Mutation analysis of RAD51D in non-BRCA1/2 ovarian and breast cancer families

Osher, D. J. ; De Leeneer, K. ; Michils, G. ; Hamel, N. ; Tomiak, E. ; Poppe, B. ; Leunen, K. ; Legius, E. ; Shuen, A. ; Smith, E. ; Arseneau, J. ; Tonin, P. ; Matthijs, G. ; Claes, K. ; Tischkowitz, M. D. ; Foulkes, W. D.

Background: Recent data show that mutations in RAD51D have an aetiological role in ovarian carcinoma, yet mutations do not appear to be associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. We studied ovarian and breast cancer families having at least one woman affected by ovarian carcinoma, to assess the importance of RAD51D mutations in such families. Methods: The coding region of the RAD51D gene was analysed in 175 BRCA1/2-negative families with family histories of both ovarian and breast [...]

Menée sur une cohorte initiale de 40 patients atteints d'un neuroblastome métastatique, puis validée sur une cohorte de 64 patients, cette étude de séquençage du génome entier met en évidence une association entre des mutations du gène ATRX et l'âge au diagnostic chez les enfants et jeunes adultes

Association of Age at Diagnosis and Genetic Mutations in Patients With Neuroblastoma

Cheung, Nai-Kong V. ; Zhang, Jinghui ; Lu, Charles ; Parker, Matthew ; Bahrami, Armita ; Tickoo, Satish K. ; Heguy, Adriana ; Pappo, Alberto S. ; Federico, Sara ; Dalton, James ; Cheung, Irene Y. ; Ding, Li ; Fulton, Robert ; Wang, Jianmin ; Chen, Xiang ; Becksfort, Jared ; Wu, Jianrong ; Billups, Catherine A. ; Ellison, David ; Mardis, Elaine R. ; Wilson, Richard K. ; Downing, James R. ; Dyer, Michael A.

Context Neuroblastoma is diagnosed over a wide age range from birth through young adulthood, and older age at diagnosis is associated with a decline in survivability.Objective To identify genetic mutations that are associated with age at diagnosis in patients with metastatic neuroblastoma.Design, Setting, and Patients Whole genome sequencing was performed on DNA from diagnostic tumors and their matched germlines from 40 patients with metastatic neuroblastoma obtained between 1987 and 2009. Age [...]

Menée sur 5 393 cas de cancer de la vessie et 7 324 témoins, cette étude met en évidence une association entre deux polymorphismes à simple nucléotide du gène PSCA et le risque de cancer de la vessie

Common genetic variants in the PSCA gene influence gene expression and bladder cancer risk

Fu, Yi-Ping ; Kohaar, Indu ; Rothman, Nathaniel ; Earl, Julie ; Figueroa, Jonine D. ; Ye, Yuanqing ; Malats, Nuria ; Tang, Wei ; Liu, Luyang ; Garcia-Closas, Montserrat ; Muchmore, Brian ; Chatterjee, Nilanjan ; Tarway, McAnthony ; Kogevinas, Manolis ; Porter-Gill, Patricia ; Baris, Dalsu ; Mumy, Adam ; Albanes, Demetrius ; Purdue, Mark P. ; Hutchinson, Amy ; Carrato, Alfredo ; Tardon, Adonina ; Serra, Consol ; García-Closas, Reina ; Lloreta, Josep ; Johnson, Alison ; Schwenn, Molly ; Karagas, Margaret R. ; Schned, Alan ; Diver, W. Ryan ; Gapstur, Susan M. ; Thun, Michael J. ; Virtamo, Jarmo ; Chanock, Stephen J. ; Fraumeni, Joseph F. ; Silverman, Debra T. ; Wu, Xifeng ; Real, Francisco X. ; Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila

Genome-wide association studies have identified a SNP, rs2294008, on 8q24.3 within the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene, as a risk factor for bladder cancer. To fine-map this region, we imputed 642 SNPs within 100 Kb of rs2294008 in addition to 33 markers genotyped in one of the reported genome-wide association study in 8,652 subjects. A multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for rs2294008 revealed a unique signal, rs2978974 (r2 = 0.02, D′ = 0.19 with rs2294008). In the combined [...]