Association between glycemic status and the risk of gastric cancer in pre/peri-and postmenopausal women: A nationwide cohort study

Menée à partir de données coréennes portant sur près de 2,5 millions de femmes âgées d'au moins 40 ans (durée moyenne de suivi : 8,3 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre le statut glycémique (prédiabète ou diabète de type 2) et le risque de cancer gastrique (16 504 cas) en fonction du statut ménopausique

Résumé en anglais

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the correlation between glycemic status (prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and the risk of gastric cancer according to menopausal status.

Methods: A total of 982,559 pre/peri-menopausal and 1445,419 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 40, who underwent the Korean national health screening in 2009, were included and followed up until 2018. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for development of gastric cancers according to hyperglycemic status in both groups using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: Over a mean follow-up period of 8.3 years, 3259 (0.33%) pre/peri-menopausal women and 13,245 (0.92%) postmenopausal women were diagnosed with gastric cancer. In postmenopausal women, only diabetes mellitus conferred a higher risk of gastric cancer compared to normal glycemic status (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09–1.20), with an increasing trend of gastric cancers from prediabetes to diabetes (P for trend < 0.001) observed regardless of menopausal status. Obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption was associated with increased gastric cancer risk mainly in the postmenopausal period.

Conclusions: The risk of gastric cancer escalates with deteriorating glycemic status in a dose-response manner. Diabetes mellitus is linked with an elevated risk of gastric cancer in postmenopausal women.