Menée au Japon à partir de questionnaires auprès de 14 219 hommes et 16 573 femmes (âge : 35 ans ou plus), cette étude évalue l'asssociation entre la consommation d'isoflavones de soja et le risque de cancer de l'estomac (678 cas parmi lesquels 237 femmes)

Soy isoflavone intake and stomach cancer risk in Japan: From the Takayama study

Wada, Keiko ; Tsuji, Michiko ; Tamura, Takashi ; Konishi, Kie ; Kawachi, Toshiaki ; Hori, Akihiro ; Tanabashi, Shinobu ; Matsushita, Shogen ; Tokimitsu, Naoki ; Nagata, Chisato

Although several experimental studies suggested that soy isoflavone intake inhibits the growth of stomach cancer, previous epidemiological studies have observed inconsistent results. We evaluated the associations of soy or isoflavone intake with stomach cancer incidence after considering several lifestyle factors, including salt intake, in a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. Subjects were 14,219 men and 16,573 women aged 35 years or older in September 1992. Soy and isoflavone [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juin 2014 (15 études, 354 933 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits à coque (noix, noisettes, ...) et la mortalité par cancer ou maladie cardiovasculaire ainsi que la mortalité toutes causes confondues

Nut consumption on all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies

Grosso, Giuseppe ; Yang, Justin ; Marventano, Stefano ; Micek, Agnieszka ; Galvano, Fabio ; Kales, Stefanos N

Background : Recent pooled analyses supported a beneficial impact of nut consumption on health, but to our knowledge, whether nuts are associated with overall decreased mortality has not been previously reviewed. Objectives : We aimed to systematically review prospective studies that explored the effects of nut consumption on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and quantify the size effect through a meta-analysis. We also reviewed confounding factors associated with [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que la plumbagine, une naphtoquinone d'origine végétale, peut inhiber la carcinogenèse de la prostate en agissant sur l'expression de protéines impliquées dans la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse (vimentine, slug) et sur l'expression de PKCε et Stat3

Plumbagin inhibits prostate carcinogenesis in intact and castrated PTEN knockout mice via targeting PKCε, Stat3 and epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers

Hafeez, Bilal B. ; Fischer, Joseph ; Singh, Ashok ; Zhong, Weixiong ; Mustafa, Ala ; Meske, Louise ; Sheikhani, Mohammad ; Verma, Ajit

Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to remain the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American males. The Pten deletions and/or mutations are frequently observed in both primary prostate cancers and metastatic prostate tissue samples. Pten deletion in prostate epithelium in mice results in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), followed by progression to invasive adenocarcinoma. The Pten conditional knockout mice (Ptenloxp/loxp:PB-Cre4) ((Pten-KO) ) [...]

Menée sur une cohorte suédoise incluant 45 222 femmes, cette étude met en évidence l'absence d'association entre un indice, mesurant la qualité d'un régime alimentaire de type nordique, et le risque de cancer colorectal

No association between adherence to a healthy Nordic Food Index and colorectal cancer: Results from a Swedish cohort study

Roswall, Nina ; Li, Yingjun ; Kyrø, Cecilie ; Sandin, Sven ; Lof, Marie ; Adami, Hans-Olov ; Weiderpass, Elisabete

Background : Recently, the Nordic diet has gained interest, and a healthy Nordic food index has been developed, which has been found inversely related to colorectal cancer among Danish women. This single finding, however, requires replication in other cohorts. Methods : We conducted a prospective study in the Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort, including 45,222 women, recruited in 1991-92, and followed up ever since through Swedish registries. Participants were classified according to the [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 335 060 femmes de la cohorte EPIC (durée moyenne de suivi : 11 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de café (décaféiné ou non) ou de thé et le risque de cancer du sein avant ou après la ménopause (respectivement 1 064 et 9134 cas)

Coffee and tea consumption and risk of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study

Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala ; Peeters, Petra ; Uiterwaal, Cuno ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H ; Bulgiba, Awang ; Bech, Bodil ; Overvad, Kim ; Tjonneland, Anne ; Olsen, Anja ; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise ; Fagherazzi, Guy ; Perquier, Florence ; Teucher, Birgit ; Kaaks, Rudolf ; Schütze, Madlen ; Boeing, Heiner ; Lagiou, Pagona ; Orfanos, Philippos ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Agnoli, Claudia ; Mattiello, Amalia ; Palli, Domenico ; Tumino, Rosario ; Sacerdote, Carlotta ; van Duijnhoven, Franzel ; Braaten, Tonje ; Lund, Eiliv ; Skeie, Guri ; Redondo, Maria-Luisa ; Buckland, Genevieve

Introduction : Specific coffee subtypes and tea may impact risk of pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer differently. We investigated the association between coffee (total, caffeinated, decaffeinated) and tea intake and risk of breast cancer. Methods : A total of 335,060 women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) Study, completed a dietary questionnaire from 1992 to 2000, and were followed-up until 2010 for incidence of breast cancer. Hazard [...]

Menée à partir des données de 10 études incluant au total 5 959 patients atteints d'un cancer de la tête et du cou et 12 248 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de vitamine C provenant de sources naturelles et le risque de développer la maladie

Natural vitamin C intake and the risk of head and neck cancer: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium

Edefonti, Valeria ; Hashibe, Mia ; Parpinel, Maria ; Turati, Federica ; Serraino, Diego ; Matsuo, Keitaro ; Olshan, Andrew F. ; Zevallos, Jose P. ; Winn, Deborah M. ; Moysich, Kirsten ; Zhang, Zuo-Feng ; Morgenstern, Hal ; Levi, Fabio ; Kelsey, Karl ; McClean, Michael ; Bosetti, Cristina ; Galeone, Carlotta ; Schantz, Stimson ; Yu, Guo-Pei ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Amy Lee, Yuan-Chin ; Chuang, Shu-Chun ; La Vecchia, Carlo ; Decarli, Adriano

Evidence of associations between single nutrients and head and neck cancer (HNC) is still more limited and less consistent than that for fruit and vegetables. However, clarification of the protective mechanisms of fruit and vegetables is important to our understanding of HNC etiology. We investigated the association between vitamin C intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx using individual-level pooled data from ten case-control studies (5,959 cases and [...]

Menée sur 536 patients atteints d'un cancer du pancréas et 869 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de statines et le risque de développer la maladie

Statin use and risk of pancreatic cancer: Results from a large, clinic-based case-control study

Walker, Evan J. ; Ko, Andrew H. ; Holly, Elizabeth A. ; Bracci, Paige M.

BACKGROUND : Statins are cholesterol-lowering medications with pleiotropic effects, including alterations in growth signaling, as well as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects that may alter cancer risk. Evidence from previous epidemiologic studies is inconsistent about whether statin use is associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS : Patients with confirmed diagnoses of PC (cases) were recruited from medical and surgical oncology clinics, with controls [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en février 2014 (3 études, 744 participants), cette méta-analyse évalue l'efficacité de la varénicline pour arrêter la consommation de tabac sans fumée ainsi que ses effets indésirables

Use of varenicline in smokeless tobacco cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Schwartz, Jessica ; Fadahunsi, Opeyemi ; Hingorani, Rittu ; Mainali, Naba Raj ; Oluwasanjo, Adetokunbo ; Aryal, Madan Raj ; Donato, Anthony

Objective : Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness and safety of varenicline in smokeless tobacco cessation. Methods : PubMed, EMBASE, clinicaltrials.gov and the Cochrane Registry were searched up to February 1, 2014 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing varenicline to placebo. Random effects Mantel-Haenszel summary relative risks (RR), risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for analysis and reporting of outcomes. Primary and [...]

Mené auprès de 66 fumeurs, cet essai évalue, du point de vue du taux d'abstinence tabagique à 8, 16 et 26 semaines, l'intérêt d'incorporer des séances de "psychothérapie positive" dans un programme standard d'aide au sevrage tabagique comportant un traitement susbstitutif nicotinique

Positive Psychotherapy for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Kahler, Christopher W. ; Spillane, Nichea S. ; Day, Anne M. ; Cioe, Patricia A. ; Parks, Acacia ; Leventhal, Adam M. ; Brown, Richard A.

Objective : Greater depressive symptoms and low positive affect (PA) are associated with poor smoking cessation outcomes. Smoking cessation approaches that incorporate a focus on PA may benefit smokers trying to quit. The purpose of this study was to conduct a pilot randomized clinical trial to compare standard smoking cessation treatment (ST) to smoking cessation treatment that targets positive affect, termed positive psychotherapy for smoking cessation (PPT-S). Method : Smokers who were [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'une enquête auprès de 127 jeunes adultes et adolescents, cette étude analyse leurs perceptions vis-à-vis de l'utilisation de la cigarette électronique pour arrêter de fumer

Adolescents’ and young adults’ perceptions of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: A focus group study

Camenga, Deepa R. ; Cavallo, Dana A. ; Kong, Grace ; Morean, Meghan ; Connell, Christian M. ; Simon, Patricia ; Bulmer, Sandra M. ; Krishnan-Sarin, Suchitra

Introduction : Research has shown that adults perceive that electronic (e-) cigarettes are effective for smoking cessation, yet little is known about adolescents and young adults’ perceptions of e-cigarettes for quitting cigarette smoking. This study describes middle, high school, and college students’ beliefs about, and experiences with, e-cigarettes for cigarette smoking cessation. Methods : We conducted 18 focus groups (n=127) with male and female cigarette smokers and non-smokers in 2 [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin de mélanome métastatique du poumon, cette étude montre qu'un vaccin recombinant, développé à partir du cytomégalovirus murin et exprimant un antigène tumoral modifié, peut induire une réponse immunitaire impliquant les lymphocytes T CD8+ et prévenir la survenue de la maladie

Cytomegalovirus based vaccine expressing a modified tumor antigen induces potent tumor-specific CD8+ T cell response and protects mice from melanoma

Qiu, Zhijuan ; Huang, Huakang ; Grenier, Jeremy M ; Perez, Oriana A ; Smilowitz, Henry M. ; Adler, Barbara ; Khanna, Kamal M

CD8+ T cells are effective for tumor rejection. The presence of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells is associated with tumor regression and better prognosis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection elicits a robust and long-lasting CD8+ T cell response, which makes CMV a potentially promising vaccine vector against cancer. In the current study, we used recombinant murine CMV (MCMV) strains as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines in an aggressive B16 lung metastatic melanoma model. Immunization with MCMV [...]

Menée en Australie à partir de questionnaires auprès de 456 patients atteints d'un mélanome cutané invasif et auprès de 538 témoins (âge : de 18 à 39 ans), cette étude analyse les résultats d'une évaluation clinique par rapport aux informations auto-déclarées sur le nombre et les caractéristiques des nævus

Accuracy of self-reported nevus and pigmentation phenotype compared to clinical assessment in a population-based study of young Australian adults

Cust, Anne E. ; Pickles, Kristen M ; Goumas, Chris ; Vu, Thao ; Schmid, Helen ; Nagore, Eduardo ; Kelly, John ; Aitken, Joanne F. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Hopper, John L. ; Jenkins, Mark A. ; Mann, Graham J.

Background : Awareness of individual risk may encourage improved prevention and early detection of melanoma. Methods : We evaluated the accuracy of self-reported pigmentation and nevus phenotype compared to clinical assessment, and examined agreement between nevus counts from selected anatomical regions. The sample included 456 cases with invasive cutaneous melanoma diagnosed between ages 18-39 years and 538 controls from the population-based Australian Melanoma Family Study. Participants [...]

Menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin et de lignées cellulaires de cancer humain du poumon non à petites cellules, cette étude évalue l'efficacité conjointe du 3-bromopyruvate et de la rapamycine, administrés sous forme d'aérosol, pour prévenir la survenue de la maladie, puis identifie le mécanisme d'action associé

Enhanced Antitumor activity of 3-bromopyruvate in combination with rapamycin in vivo and in vitro

Zhang, Qi ; Pan, Jing ; Lubet, Ronald A. ; Komas, Steven M ; Kalyanaraman, Balaraman ; Wang, Yian ; You, Ming

3-Bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) is an alkylating agent and a well-known inhibitor of energy metabolism. Rapamycin is an inhibitor of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase "mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Both 3-BrPA and rapamycin show chemopreventive efficacy in mouse models of lung cancer. Aerosol delivery of therapeutic drugs for lung cancer has been reported to be an effective route of delivery with little systemic distribution in humans. In this study, 3-BrPA and rapamycin were evaluated in [...]