A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2012 (9 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'efficacité de la cytisine pour aider les fumeurs à arrêter le tabagisme

Efficacy of cytisine in helping smokers quit: systematic review and meta-analysis

Hajek, Peter ; McRobbie, Hayden ; Myers, Katie

Background A recent rigorous study has shown that cytisine, a low-cost drug, is effective for smoking cessation. A number of earlier studies exist, mostly from former communist countries where cytisine has been used since the 1960s. The key question now is whether there is sufficient evidence to warrant licensing cytisine or whether more work is needed. A systematic review was undertaken to assess the efficacy of cytisine in smoking cessation. Methods The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, [...]

Menée en Australie, en Irlande du Nord, au Canada et aux Etats-Unis dans 5 campus universitaires, cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'un programme d'interventions à l'aide d'un podomètre et d'un site web pour augmenter l'activité physique chez les employés dont le nombre de pas quotidiens est inférieur à 10 000 (âge moyen : 45,6 ans ; 100 hommes et 290 femmes)

Walk@Work: An automated intervention to increase walking in university employees not achieving 10,000 daily steps

Gilson, Nicholas D. ; Faulkner, Guy ; Murphy, Marie H. ; Meyer, M. Renee Umstattd ; Washington, Tracy ; Ryde, Gemma C. ; Arbour-Nicitopoulos, Kelly P. ; Dillon, Kimber A.

Objective This study assessed the workday step counts of lower active (< 10,000 daily steps) university employees using an automated, web-based walking intervention (Walk@Work). Methods Academic and administrative staff (n = 390; 45.6 ± 10.8 years; BMI 27.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2; 290 women) at five campuses (Australia [x2], Canada, Northern Ireland and the United States), were given a pedometer, access to the website program (2010–11) and tasked with increasing workday walking by 1,000 daily steps [...]

Menée auprès de 307 hommes, cette étude prospective américaine évalue et compare, chez les hommes blancs et les hommes noirs, l'association entre l'exercice physique et le risque de cancer de la prostate

Association between exercise and primary incidence of prostate cancer

Singh, Abhay A. ; Jones, Lee W. ; Antonelli, Jodi A. ; Gerber, Leah ; Calloway, Elizabeth E. ; Shuler, Kathleen H. ; Freedland, Stephen J. ; Grant, Delores J. ; Hoyo, Cathrine ; Bañez, Lionel L.

BACKGROUND: Exercise is a modifiable lifestyle risk factor associated with prostate cancer risk reduction. However, whether this association is different as a function of race is unclear. In the current study, the authors attempted to characterize the link between exercise and prostate cancer (CaP) in white and black American men. METHODS: Using a prospective design, 307 men (164 of whom were white and 143 of whom were black) who were undergoing prostate biopsy completed a self-reported survey [...]

Menée entre 1986 et 2002 à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte incluant 120 852 participants âgés de 55 à 69 ans, cette étude néerlandaise évalue, en fonction du sexe, l'association entre la pratique régulière d'une activité physique, le temps passé assis au travail et le risque de cancer colorectal

Physical Activity, Occupational Sitting Time, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Simons, Colinda C. J. M. ; Hughes, Laura A. E. ; van Engeland, Manon ; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra ; van den Brandt, Piet A. ; Weijenberg, Matty P.

We investigated occupational energy expenditure and sitting time in the longest held job (in men only), nonoccupational physical activity, and former sports participation in relation to colorectal cancer endpoints. The Netherlands Cohort Study includes 120,852 participants who completed a self-administered questionnaire in 1986 when they were aged 55–69 years. By 2002, 1,819 male and 1,366 female colorectal cancer cases were available for case-cohort analyses. In men, higher occupational energy [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en septembre 2012 (19 études, 2 327 322 participants et 10 756 cas de cancer), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre le niveau d'activité physique et le risque de cancer du rein

The association between physical activity and renal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Behrens, G. ; Leitzmann, M. F.

Background : Physical activity may decrease renal cancer risk by reducing obesity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and lipid peroxidation. Despite plausible biologic mechanisms linking increased physical activity to decreased risk for renal cancer, few epidemiologic studies have been able to report a clear inverse association between physical activity and renal cancer, and no meta-analysis is available on the topic. Methods : We searched the literature using PubMed and Web of Knowledge to [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée entre 1966 et 2012 (15 essais), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une supplémentation en acide folique et le risque de cancer par localisation

Folic acid supplementation and cancer risk: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Qin, Xianhui ; Cui, Yimin ; Shen, Lin ; Sun, Ningling ; Zhang, Yan ; Li, Jianping ; Xu, Xin ; Wang, Binyan ; Xu, Xiping ; Huo, Yong ; Wang, Xiaobin

There are growing data and a continuing controversy over the effect of folic acid supplementation on cancer risk. We conducted a meta-analysis based on up-to-date published relevant randomized trials to further examine this issue. Relative risk (RR) was used to measure the effect of folic acid supplementation on risk of cancer using a random-effects model. Overall, folic acid supplementation had no significant effect on total cancer incidence (13 trials, n = 49,406, RR = 1.05; 95% CI: [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2012 (32 études observationnelles), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits et de légumes et le risque de carcinome épidermoïde de l'œsophage (10 037 cas)

Intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Liu, Jun ; Wang, Jian ; Leng, Ye ; Lv, Changxing

Quantification of the association between the intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is controversial even though several studies have explored this association. We summarized the evidence from observational studies in categorical, linear and non-linear dose–response meta-analyses. Eligible studies published up to 31 July 2012 were retrieved via computer searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE as well as manual review of references. Random-effects models [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires, cette étude australienne évalue l'association entre la consommation d'antioxydants, d'origine alimentaire ou en supplémentation (β-carotène, vitamine E, vitamine C, sélénium), et le risque d'endobrachyœsophage (367 cas et 577 témoins) ou d'adénocarcinome de l'œsophage (299 cas et 1 507 témoins)

Dietary antioxidants and risk of Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in an Australian population

Ibiebele, Torukiri I. ; Celia Hughes, Maria ; Nagle, Christina M. ; Bain, Christopher J. ; Whiteman, David C. ; Webb, Penelope M. ; Study of Digestive, Health ; Australian Cancer, Study

While dietary antioxidants are emerging as potentially modifiable risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), studies on dietary antioxidants and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE) are limited. The present study extends previous work on BE by investigating risks of nondysplastic BE, dysplastic BE and EAC associated with intake of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, and selenium. Age and sex matched control subjects (n=577 for BE; n=1,507 for EAC) were sampled from [...]

Menée sur une cohorte américaine incluant 293 464 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre trois outils de mesure de la qualité de l'alimentation et le risque de cancer de la prostate (23 453 cas)

Index-based Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Bosire, Claire ; Stampfer, Meir J. ; Subar, Amy F. ; Park, Yikyung ; Kirkpatrick, Sharon I. ; Chiuve, Stephanie E. ; Hollenbeck, Albert R. ; Reedy, Jill

Few studies have investigated the relationship between overall diet and the risk of prostate cancer. We examined the association between 3 diet quality indices—the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005), Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), and alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED)—and prostate cancer risk. At baseline, dietary intake was assessed in a cohort of 293,464 US men in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cox proportional hazards [...]

Menée in vitro et sur un modèle murin de carcinome hépatocellulaire, cette étude montre que l'acide oléanolique peut inhiber le développement de la tumeur en induisant l'arrêt du cycle cellulaire, impliquant la protéine kinase ERK et le facteur de transcription p53, et l'apoptose dépendante de la voie mitochondriale

Inhibitory effect of oleanolic acid on hepatocellular carcinoma via ERK-p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis

Wang, Xin ; Bai, Hua ; Zhang, Xiaodi ; Liu, Jiangzheng ; Cao, Peipei ; Liao, Nai ; Zhang, Wei ; Wang, Zhao ; Hai, Chunxu

Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dramatically increasing and is the third cause of cancer death worldwide. One key approach to control HCC is chemoprevention by naturally occurring agents. This study aims at investigating the antitumor effect of oleanolic acid (OA) and the molecular mechanisms. BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with HepG2 cells to establish transplanted tumors. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest-related makers and signaling cascades were determined by western [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 774 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate traité par radiothérapie (durée de suivi : 5 ans), cette étude ne montre pas d'association entre l'utilisation de statines après le traitement et une réduction du risque de récidive

Statin therapy is not associated with prostate cancer recurrence among patients who underwent radiation therapy

Chao, Chun ; Williams, Stephen G. ; Xu, Lanfang ; Chen, Jergin ; Wallner, Lauren P. ; Porter, Kimberly R. ; Jacobsen, Steven J.

We investigated whether statin use is associated with reduced risk of recurrence in prostate cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy. A retrospective cohort of 774 patients from a California health plan was followed for 5 years. Statin use prior to, during and after radiotherapy was not associated with prostate cancer recurrence [hazard ratio=0.99 (0.70-1.39), 0.87 (0.62-1.22) and 0.78 (0.55-1.09), respectively] in multivariable Cox models. No clear dose-response relationship was observed for [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude évalue l'effet chimiopréventif d'amines hétérocycliques et de l'acide 5-aminosalicylique sur le risque de néoplasie colorectale associée à une colite d'origine polypoïde ou non

Differential response of flat and polypoid colitis-associated colorectal neoplasias to chemopreventive agents and heterocyclic amines

Chang, Wen-Chi L. ; Zenser, Terry V. ; Cooper, Harry S. ; Clapper, Margie L.

Individuals with ulcerative colitis face an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and would benefit from early chemopreventive intervention. Results from preclinical studies in the mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis demonstrate that flat and polypoid colitis-associated dysplasias arise via distinct genetic pathways, impacted by the allelic status of p53. Furthermore, flat and polypoid dysplasias vary in their response to induction by the heterocyclic amine [...]