Menée auprès de trois groupes distincts (286 jeunes femmes, 230 parents de filles et 137 parents de garçons), cette étude canadienne analyse leurs intentions de vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain

Determinants of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Intent Among Three Canadian Target Groups

Gainforth, Heather ; Cao, Wei ; Latimer-Cheung, Amy

To increase the uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, understanding the determinants of vaccination intentions for various groups is important. Three studies examining theoretical determinants of college-aged women’s (study 1: n = 286), parents’ of daughters (study 2: n = 230) and parents’ of sons (study 3: n = 137) HPV vaccination intentions were conducted. Participants completed questionnaires assessing constructs of protection motivation theory (PMT) and the theory of planned [...]

A partir des données de plusieurs études cas-témoins conduites en Suisse et en Italie sur la période 1991 à 2009, cette étude analyse l'association entre la consommation alimentaire de folates et le risque de cancer

Dietary folates and cancer risk in a network of case–control studies

Tavani, A. ; Malerba, S. ; Pelucchi, C. ; Dal Maso, L. ; Zucchetto, A. ; Serraino, D. ; Levi, F. ; Montella, M. ; Franceschi, S. ; Zambon, A. ; La Vecchia, C.

Background Folate deficiency leads to DNA damage and inadequate repair, caused by a decreased synthesis of thymidylate and purines. We analyzed the relationship between dietary folate intake and the risk of several cancers.Patients and methods The study is based on a network of case–control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland in 1991–2009. The odds ratios (ORs) for dietary folate intake were estimated by multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for major identified confounding [...]

A partir des données de 14 études prospectives menées en Amérique du nord, en Europe et en Australie (862 584 participants), cette étude analyse l'association entre une consommation de fruits et de légumes et le risque de cancer du pancréas

Intake of Fruits and Vegetables and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Pooled Analysis of 14 Cohort Studies

Koushik, Anita ; Spiegelman, Donna ; Albanes, Demetrius ; Anderson, Kristin E. ; Bernstein, Leslie ; van den Brandt, Piet A. ; Bergkvist, Leif ; English, Dallas R. ; Freudenheim, Jo L. ; Fuchs, Charles S. ; Genkinger, Jeanine M. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra ; Horn-Ross, Pamela L. ; Mannisto, Satu ; McCullough, Marjorie L. ; E. Millen, Amy ; Miller, Anthony B. ; Robien, Kim ; Rohan, Thomas E. ; Schatzkin, Arthur ; Shikany, James M. ; Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z. ; Willett, Walter C. ; Wolk, Alicja ; Ziegler, Regina G. ; Smith-Warner, Stephanie A.

Fruit and vegetable intake may protect against pancreatic cancer, since fruits and vegetables are rich in potentially cancer-preventive nutrients. Most case-control studies have found inverse associations between fruit and vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer risk, although bias due to reporting error cannot be ruled out. In most prospective studies, inverse associations have been weaker and imprecise because of small numbers of cases. The authors examined fruit and vegetable intake in [...]

Menée auprès de 27 293 hommes chinois vivant à Singapour, cette étude de cohorte prospective évalue l'association entre une consommation de thé vert et de thé noir et le risque de cancer de la prostate

Green and black tea intake in relation to prostate cancer risk among Singapore Chinese

Montague, Julia ; Butler, Lesley ; Wu, Anna ; Genkinger, Jeanine ; Koh, Woon-Puay ; Wong, Alvin ; Wang, Renwei ; Yuan, Jian-Min ; Yu, Mimi

Purpose Tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. To date, observational data from prospective cohort studies investigating the relationship between green and black tea intake and prostate cancer risk are sparse and equivocal. In a population-based, prospective cohort study of Chinese men in Singapore, we investigated the relationship between green and black tea intake and prostate cancer risk. Methods Tea consumption data for 27,293 men were collected at baseline (between [...]

Menée auprès de 45 275 participants italiens de la cohorte européenne EPIC, cette étude évalue l'association entre le régime alimentaire méditérranéen et le risque de cancer colorectal

Italian mediterranean index and risk of colorectal cancer in the Italian section of the EPIC cohort

Agnoli, Claudia ; Grioni, Sara ; Sieri, Sabina ; Palli, Domenico ; Masala, Giovanna ; Sacerdote, Carlotta ; Vineis, Paolo ; Tumino, Rosario ; Giurdanella, Maria Concetta ; Pala, Valeria ; Berrino, Franco ; Mattiello, Amalia ; Panico, Salvatore ; Krogh, Vittorio

Colorectal cancer is among the commonest cancers worldwide. Dietary factors have been linked to colorectal cancer risk, however, few studies have evaluated the relationship between a priori dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk. We evaluated the effect of adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as measured by the Italian Mediterranean Index, on the risk of colorectal cancer in the 45,275 participants of the Italian section of the EPIC study who completed a dietary questionnaire. [...]

Menée au Canada, cette étude (3 101 cas et 3 471 témoins) évalue l'association entre une supplémentation en isoflavones et le risque de cancer du sein après la ménopause

Use of isoflavone supplements is associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk

Boucher, Beatrice A. ; Cotterchio, Michelle ; Anderson, Laura N. ; Kreiger, Nancy ; Kirsh, Victoria A. ; Thompson, Lilian U.

Botanical supplements are widely used and contain diverse ingredients, including isoflavones. Food-based isoflavones have been associated with reduced breast cancer risk. However, no study has comprehensively evaluated supplements identified by isoflavone content and breast cancer risk. Associations between ever use of 28 isoflavone supplements and breast cancer risk in Ontario, Canada were evaluated using cases (n=3101) identified in 2002-2003 from the Ontario Cancer Registry and controls [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte européenne EPIC incluant 468 656 participants, cette étude évalue l'association entre une consommation de fruits et de légumes et le risque de carcinome urothélial, agressif ou non

Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of aggressive and non-aggressive urothelial cell carcinomas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Ros, Martine M. ; Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. ; Kampman, Ellen ; Büchner, Frederike L. ; Aben, Katja K. H. ; Egevad, Lars ; Overvad, Kim ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Roswall, Nina ; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine ; Morois, Sophie ; Kaaks, Rudolf ; Teucher, Birgit ; Weikert, Steffen ; Ruesten, Anne von ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Naska, Androniki ; Benetou, Vassiliki ; Saieva, Calogero ; Pala, Valeria ; Ricceri, Fulvio ; Tumino, Rosario ; Mattiello, Amalia ; Peeters, Petra H. M. ; van Gils, Carla H. ; Gram, Inger T. ; Engeset, Dagrun ; Chirlaque, María-Dolores ; Ardanazx, Eva ; Rodríguez, Laudina ; Amanio, Pilar ; González, Carlos A. ; Sánchez, María José ; Ulmert, David ; Ernström, Roy ; Ljungberg, Börje ; Allen, Naomi E. ; Key, Timothy J. ; Khaw, Kee-Tee ; Wareham, Nick ; Slimani, Nadia ; Romieu, Isabelle ; Kiemeney, Lambertus A. ; Riboli, Elio

Many epidemiological studies have examined fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder, but results are inconsistent. The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and UCC risk may vary by bladder tumour aggressiveness. Therefore, we examined the relation between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of aggressive and non-aggressive UCC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). After [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les mécanismes impliqués dans la prévention des cancers à l'aide d'agents anti-angiogéniques

Cancer prevention by targeting angiogenesis

Albini, Adriana ; Tosetti, Francesca ; Li, Vincent W. ; Noonan, Douglas M. ; Li, William W.

Healthy individuals can harbour microscopic tumours and dysplastic foci in different organs in an undetectable and asymptomatic state for many years. These lesions do not progress in the absence of angiogenesis or inflammation. Targeting both processes before clinical manifestation can prevent tumour growth and progression. Angioprevention is a chemoprevention approach that interrupts the formation of new blood vessels when tumour cell foci are in an indolent state. Many efficacious [...]

Couplée à la cohorte "EPIC-Norfolk" incluant 23 658 participants âgés de 40 à 74 ans et menée à l'aide de questionnaires, cette étude analyse l'association entre le niveau sérique de 4 antioxydants d'origine alimentaire (vitamine C, vitamine E, sélénium et zinc) et le risque de cancer du pancréas (49 cas et 3 970 témoins)

Dietary antioxidants and the aetiology of pancreatic cancer: a cohort study using data from food diaries and biomarkers

Banim, Paul J R ; Luben, Robert ; McTaggart, Alison ; Welch, Ailsa ; Wareham, Nicholas ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Hart, Andrew R

Objective To investigate whether the dietary antioxidants vitamins C and E, selenium and zinc decrease the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, for the first time using 7-day food diaries, the most accurate dietary methodology in prospective work.Design 23 658 participants, aged 40–74 years, recruited into the EPIC-Norfolk Study completed 7-day food diaries which recorded foods, brands and portion sizes. Nutrient intakes were calculated in those later diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and in [...]

Menée sur des souris femelles ayant subi une ovariectomie, cette étude analyse l'effet chimiopréventif d'un traitement combinant ou non un inhibiteur d'aromatase (l'anastrozole) et un antagoniste du récepteur des estrogènes (le fulvestrant), sur la tumorigenèse du poumon induite par un agent carcinogène du tabac

Prevention of Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Lung Cancer in Female Mice Using Anti-Estrogens

Stabile, Laura P. ; Rothstein, Mary E. ; Cunningham, Diana E. ; Land, Stephanie R. ; Dacic, Sanja ; Keohavong, Phouthone ; Siegfried, Jill M.

Increasing evidence shows that estrogens are involved in lung cancer proliferation and progression, and most human lung tumors express estrogen receptor β (ERβ) as well as aromatase. To determine if the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole prevents development of lung tumors induced by a tobacco carcinogen, alone or in combination with the ER antagonist fulvestrant, ovariectomized female mice received treatments with the tobacco carcinogen NNK along with daily supplements of androstenedione, the [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte "NHANES III" incluant 16 693 participants, cette étude en population américaine évalue l'association entre le niveau sérique de vitamine D, de vitamine A (circulante et en supplémentation) et la mortalité par cancer du poumon

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin A, and lung cancer mortality in the US population: a potential nutrient–nutrient interaction

Cheng, Ting-Yuan ; Neuhouser, Marian

Objective Excess vitamin A may interrupt vitamin D-mediated transcription of target genes. This study investigated whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were associated with lung cancer mortality, and whether this association varied by excess circulating vitamin A and vitamin A/β-carotene supplement use. Method We analyzed 16,693 men and women in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994. Lung cancer mortality ( n = 258, 104 were [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin et chez l'homme, cette étude montre que la sécrétion de la protéine SPARC par les muscles squelettiques est stimulée par l'activité physique régulière et inhibe la tumorigenèse du côlon

A novel myokine, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), suppresses colon tumorigenesis via regular exercise

Aoi, Wataru ; Naito, Yuji ; Takagi, Tomohisa ; Tanimura, Yuko ; Takanami, Yoshikazu ; Kawai, Yukari ; Sakuma, Kunihiro ; Hang, Liu Po ; Mizushima, Katsura ; Hirai, Yasuko ; Koyama, Ryota ; Wada, Sayori ; Higashi, Akane ; Kokura, Satoshi ; Ichikawa, Hiroshi ; Yoshikawa, Toshikazu

Objective Several epidemiological studies have shown that regular exercise can prevent the onset of colon cancer, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Myokines are secreted skeletal muscle proteins responsible for some exercise-induced health benefits including metabolic improvement and anti-inflammatory effects in organs. The purpose of this study was to identify new myokines that contribute to the prevention of colon tumorigenesis.Methods To identify novel secreted muscle-derived [...]

Mené sur 40 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein HR- de stade I à III, cet essai randomisé de phase Ib évalue, sur une période de 6 mois de traitement, la dose maximale tolérable d'épigallocatéchine-3-gallate, un polyphénol du thé vert, dans la chimioprévention de la maladie

Phase IB Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Escalation Study of Polyphenon E in Women with Hormone Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer

Crew, Katherine D. ; Brown, Powel ; Greenlee, Heather ; Bevers, Therese B. ; Arun, Banu K. ; Hudis, Clifford A. ; McArthur, Heather L. ; Chang, Jenny ; Rimawi, Mothaffar F. ; Vornik, Lana ; Cornelison, Terri L. ; Wang, Antai ; Hibshoosh, Hanina H. ; Ahmed, Aqeel ; Terry, Mary Beth ; Santella, Regina M. ; Lippman, Scott M. ; Hershman, Dawn L.

Epidemiologic data support an inverse association between green tea intake and breast cancer risk and numerous experimental studies have demonstrated the anti-tumor effects of its main component, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We conducted a phase IB dose escalation trial in women with a history of stage I-III hormone receptor-negative breast cancer of an oral green tea extract, Polyphenon E (Poly E) 400mg, 600mg, 800mg bid or matching placebo for 6 months. The primary endpoint was to [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 2009 et 2012 (7 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de la metformine, un antidiabétique oral, et le risque de cancer du sein

Metformin and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and critical literature review

Col, Nananda ; Ochs, Leslie ; Springmann, Vicky ; Aragaki, Aaron ; Chlebowski, Rowan

Observational studies have suggested that metformin decreases the incidence of several common cancers. However, findings regarding breast cancer have been mixed. In order to explore this issue, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed with a focus on potential biases. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for all pertinent studies addressing metformin use and breast cancer risk by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus (which includes Embase, ISI Web of [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que la curcumine, encapsulée dans une nanoparticule polymère administrée par injection intra-canalaire, peut avoir un effet chimiopréventif sur la carcinogenèse du sein

Intraductal Administration of a Polymeric Nanoparticle Formulation of Curcumin (NanoCurc) Significantly Attenuates Incidence of Mammary Tumors in a Rodent Chemical Carcinogenesis Model Implications for breast cancer chemoprevention in at-risk populations

Chun, Yong Soon ; Bisht, Savita ; Chenna, Venogopal ; Pramanik, Dipankar ; Yoshida, Takahiro ; Hong, Seung-Mo ; de Wilde, Roeland F ; Zhang, Zhe ; Huso, David ; Zhao, Ming ; Rudek, Michelle ; Stearns, Vered ; Maitra, Anirban ; Sukumar, Saraswati

Multiple lines of evidence support a role for curcumin in cancer chemoprevention. Nonetheless, despite its reported efficacy and safety profile, clinical translation of curcumin has been hampered by low oral bioavailability, requiring infeasible “mega” doses for achieving detectable tissue levels. We have engineered a polymeric nanoparticle encapsulated formulation of curcumin (NanoCurc) to harness its full therapeutic potential. In the current study, we assessed the chemoprevention efficacy of [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2011 (8 études) et des données d'une étude cas-témoins en population australienne incluant 1 398 patientes atteintes d'un cancer épithélial de l'endomètre et 740 témoins, cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens
(dont l'aspirine) ou de paracétamol et le risque de développer la maladie

Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and risk of endometrial cancer: A case–control study, systematic review and meta-analysis

Neill, Annette S. ; Nagle, Christina M. ; Protani, Melinda M. ; Obermair, Andreas ; Spurdle, Amanda B. ; Webb, Penelope M. ; for the Australian National Endometrial Cancer Study, Group

Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with reduced risk of a number of cancer types, however, previous studies of endometrial cancer have yielded inconclusive results. We analyzed data from the Australian National Endometrial Cancer Study (ANECS), a population-based case–control study (1,398 cases, 740 controls). We systematically reviewed all the evidence linking aspirin/NSAIDs use with endometrial cancer and conducted a meta-analysis. For ANECS, [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin de carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou, cette étude évalue l'effet chimiopréventif et thérapeutique de la rapamycine, un inhibiteur de mTOR

Chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic actions of mTOR inhibitor in genetically-defined head and neck squamous cell carcinoma mouse model

Sun, Zhi-Jun ; Zhang, Lu ; Hall, Bradford ; Bian, Yansong ; Gutkind, J. Silvio ; Kulkarni, Ashok B

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of Rapamycin treatment in chemoprevention and chemotherapy of tumorigenesis in a genetically-defined mouse model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Experimental design: Knockdown of Tgfbr1 and/or Pten using siRNA-mediated RNA interference was carried out in human HNSCC cell lines to analyze molecular changes in the mTOR pathway. Tgfbr1 and Pten conditonal deletion (2cKO) mice were treated with Rapamycin before or after the onset of HNSCC, and the [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre qu'un vaccin prophylactique à base de cellules souches embryonnaires allogéniques peut protéger contre un cancer du poumon

Vaccination with Embryonic Stem Cells Protects against Lung Cancer: Is a Broad-Spectrum Prophylactic Vaccine against Cancer Possible?

Yaddanapudi, Kavitha ; Mitchell, Robert A. ; Putty, Kalyani ; Willer, Sharon ; Sharma, Rajesh K. ; Yan, Jun ; Bodduluri, Haribabu ; Eaton, John W.

The antigenic similarity between tumors and embryos has been appreciated for many years and reflects the expression of embryonic gene products by cancer cells and/or cancer-initiating stem cells. Taking advantage of this similarity, we have tested a prophylactic lung cancer vaccine composed of allogeneic murine embryonic stem cells (ESC). Naïve C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with ESC along with a source of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in order to provide [...]

Menée auprès de 634 marins américains, cette étude évalue l'efficacité de la politique de lutte anti-tabac appliquée dans la marine en mesurant le niveau d'exposition au tabagisme passif

Evaluating the effectiveness of the US Navy and Marine Corps Tobacco Policy: an assessment of secondhand smoke exposure in US Navy submariners

Yarnall, Nicholas J ; Hughes, Linda M ; Turnbull, Paul S ; Michaud, Mark

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the US Navy and Marine Corps tobacco policy in protecting submariners from secondhand smoke (SHS) by determining if non-tobacco users experienced a significant increase in urinary cotinine levels at sea when compared with in port levels.Methods From February to August 2009, 634 volunteers recruited from nine US Navy submarines completed a survey to collect demographic data, information on tobacco use and pre-deployment exposure to SHS. Non-tobacco [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude analyse l'impact des lois fixant un prix minimal du tabac sur le marché des cigarettes, la consommation, et l'incitation à arrêter le tabagisme

Impact of cigarette minimum price laws on the retail price of cigarettes in the USA

Tynan, Michael A ; Ribisl, Kurt M ; Loomis, Brett R

Introduction Cigarette price increases prevent youth initiation, reduce cigarette consumption and increase the number of smokers who quit. Cigarette minimum price laws (MPLs), which typically require cigarette wholesalers and retailers to charge a minimum percentage mark-up for cigarette sales, have been identified as an intervention that can potentially increase cigarette prices. 24 states and the District of Columbia have cigarette MPLs.Methods Using data extracted from SCANTRACK retail [...]

A partir d'un modèle de simulation, cette étude allemande évalue pour les 30 prochaines années l'effet de sept types de politique antitabac sur la prévalence du tabagisme et le taux de mortalité prématurée

Germany SimSmoke: The Effect of Tobacco Control Policies on Future Smoking Prevalence and Smoking-Attributable Deaths in Germany

Levy,, David T. ; Blackman,, Kenneth ; Currie, Laura M. ; Mons, Ute

Introduction: Although Germany has recently implemented some tobacco control policies, there is considerable scope to strengthen policies consistent with the MPOWER guidelines. This article describes the development of a simulation model projecting the effect of future tobacco control policies in Germany on smoking prevalence and associated premature mortality.Methods: Germany SimSmoke—an adapted version of the SimSmoke simulation model of tobacco control policy—uses population, smoking rates, [...]

Cette étude analyse l'impact de la politique de lutte implémentée au Royaume-Uni depuis 1998 sur la prévalence du tabagisme

Tobacco control policy in the UK: blueprint for the rest of Europe?

Levy, David T. ; Currie, Laura ; Clancy, Luke

Introduction: With male smoking prevalence at ∼30% in 1998, the UK implemented stricter tobacco control policies, including a comprehensive cessation treatment programme. We evaluate their effect. Methods: Data for the UK (excluding Northern Ireland) are applied to ‘SimSmoke’, a simulation model used to examine the effect of tobacco control policies over time on smoking initiation and cessation. Upon validating the model against smoking prevalence, the model is used to distinguish the effect of [...]

Cette étude présente le rapport d'une société savante américaine lors de son congrès 2012 relatif à la prévention et la lutte contre les cancers dans les pays à faibles et moyens revenus

Cancer Prevention for Global Health: A Report from the ASPO International Cancer Prevention Interest Group

Braithwaite, Dejana ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Rebbeck, Timothy R. ; Meyskens, Frank L.

As cancer incidence and mortality rates increase in low and middle-income countries, the need for cancer prevention and control research directed to these countries becomes increasingly important. The American Society of Preventive Oncology (ASPO) is a community of professionals in cancer prevention and control whose mission is to "foster the continuing development of investigators and the exchange and translation of scientific information to reduce the cancer burden". In the session presented [...]