Menée en Norvège auprès de 52 370 participantes âgées de 30 à 70 ans (âge médian : 51 ans ; durée moyenne de suivi : environ 13 ans), cette étude évalue, en fonction de l'indice de masse corporelle, l'association entre le niveau d'activité physique et le risque de cancer de l'endomètre (687 cas), puis estime la fraction attribuable au manque d'activité physique

Physical activity and risk of endometrial cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study

Borch, Kristin B. ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Braaten, Tonje ; Jareid, Mie ; Gavrilyuk, Oxana A. ; Licaj, Idlir

Few studies have investigated the association between endometrial cancer and physical activity (PA) using repeated measures of PA and different subtypes of endometrial cancer. We aimed to investigate the association between endometrial cancer and PA level at two points in time in women with different body mass index (BMI) profiles, and to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of endometrial cancer for low PA levels. We included 82,759 women with complete information on PA at [...]

Menée auprès de plus de 500 000 participants de la cohorte EPIC (durée de suivi : plus de 11 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre le niveau d'adhésion à un régime alimentaire de type méditerranéen (mesuré à l'aide d'un système de score) et le risque de cancer du pancréas (865 cas)

Mediterranean diet and risk of pancreatic cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort

Molina-Montes, Esther ; Sánchez, María-José ; Buckland, Genevieve ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Amiano, Pilar ; Wark, Petra A. ; Kühn, Tilman ; Katzke, Verena ; Huerta, José María ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Quirós, Jose Ramón ; Affret, Aurélie ; His, Mathilde ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Ye, Weimin ; Sund, Malin ; Boeing, Heiner ; Iqbal, Khalid ; Ohlsson, Bodil ; Sonestedt, Emily ; Tjonneland, Anne ; Petersen, Kristina E. N. ; Travis, Ruth C. ; Skeie, Guri ; Agnoli, Claudia ; Panico, Salvatore ; Palli, Domenico ; Tumino, Rosario ; Sacerdote, Carlotta ; Freisling, Heinz ; Huybrechts, Inge ; Overvad, Kim ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Bamia, Christina ; Vasilopoulou, Effie ; Wareham, Nick ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Cross, Amanda J. ; Ward, Heather A. ; Riboli, Elio ; Duell, Eric J.

Background : The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a means for cancer prevention, but little evidence has been accrued regarding its potential to prevent pancreatic cancer. We investigated the association between the adherence to the MD and pancreatic cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods : Over half a million participants from 10 European countries were followed up for over 11 years, after which 865 newly diagnosed [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 198 patients atteints d'un cancer rhynopharyngé et auprès de 594 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre le niveau d'adhésion à un régime alimentaire de type méditerranéen (mesuré par un système de score) et le risque de développer la maladie

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and nasopharyngeal cancer risk in Italy

Turati, Federica ; Bravi, Francesca ; Polesel, Jerry ; Bosetti, Cristina ; Negri, Eva ; Garavello, Werner ; Taborelli, Martina ; Serraino, Diego ; Libra, Massimo ; Montella, Maurizio ; Decarli, Adriano ; Ferraroni, Monica ; La Vecchia, Carlo

Purpose : Few studies investigated the role of diet on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) risk in non-endemic areas. The aim of this study was to assess the association between adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet and NPC risk in a southern European low-risk population. Methods : We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Italy, including 198 histologically confirmed NPC cases and 594 matched controls. Dietary habits were collected by means of a validated food-frequency [...]

Menée à l'aide de lignées cellulaires de cancer colorectal et à l'aide d'un modèle mathématique, cette étude montre que les cellules cancéreuses présentant des mutations du gène PIK3CA ont une sensibilité accrue à l'aspirine

Aspirin-induced chemoprevention and response kinetics are enhanced by PIK3CA mutations in colorectal cancer cells

Zumwalt, Timothy J. ; Wodarz, Dominik ; Komarova, Natalia L. ; Toden, Shusuke ; Turner, Jacob ; Cardenas, Jacob ; Burn, John ; Chan, Andrew T. ; Boland, C. Richard ; Goel, Ajay

Purpose : This study was designed to determine how aspirin influences the growth kinetics and characteristics of cultured colorectal cancer (CRC) cells that harbor a variety of different mutational backgrounds, including PIK3CA and KRAS activating mutations and the presence or absence of microsatellite instability. Experimental Design : CRC cell lines (HCT116, HCT116+Chr3/5, RKO, SW480, HCT15, CACO2, HT29, and SW48) were treated with pharmacologically relevant doses of aspirin (0.5-10 mM) and [...]

Menée à partir de données médicales portant sur 26 000 femmes ayant subi une mammographie de dépistage (âge moyen : 57,3 ans), cette étude met en évidence une association entre l'utilisation d'aspirine et une réduction de la densité mammaire, un facteur de risque de cancer du sein

Aspirin use is associated with lower mammographic density in a large screening cohort

Wood, Marie E. ; Sprague, Brian L. ; Oustimov, Andrew ; Synnstvedt, Marie B. ; Cuke, Melissa ; Conant, Emily F. ; Kontos, Despina

Background : Observational and biologic studies suggest that aspirin is a promising prevention therapy for breast cancer. However, clinical trials to date have not corroborated this evidence, potentially due to study design. We evaluated the effect of aspirin on mammographic density (MD), an established modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Methods : Electronic medical records from the University of Pennsylvania were evaluated for women who underwent screening mammography, saw their primary [...]

Menée à partir d'échantillons salivaires et urinaires prélevés sur 181 fumeurs ou anciens fumeurs utilisant ou non la cigarette électronique ou un traitement substitutif nicotinique depuis au moins 6 mois, cette étude analyse leur exposition à la nicotine, aux nitrosamines spécifiques du tabac et aux composés organiques volatils

Nicotine, carcinogen, and toxin exposure in long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy users : A cross-sectional study

Shahab, L. ; Goniewicz, M. L. ; Blount, B. C. ; et al.,

Background : Given the rapid increase in the popularity of e-cigarettes and the paucity of associated longitudinal health-related data, the need to assess the potential risks of long-term use is essential. Objective : To compare exposure to nicotine, tobacco-related carcinogens, and toxins among smokers of combustible cigarettes only, former smokers with long-term e-cigarette use only, former smokers with long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use only, long-term dual users of both [...]

Menée en Australie à partir de données économiques et épidémiologiques sur la période 1982-2011, cette étude estime, en fonction des sommes investies et pour les 20 années suivantes, le rapport coût-bénéfice du programme de santé publique en matière de prévention des cancers de la peau

Economic evaluation of future skin cancer prevention in Australia

Shih, Sophy T. F. ; Carter, Rob ; Heward, Sue ; Sinclair, Craig

Public health programs to reduce the significant burden of skin cancer have been implemented in Australia and around the world. The economic rationale for prevention needs to be kept up-to-date as relevant disease patterns, risk factors and expenditure patterns change through time. The aim of this study was to update and extend the economic credentials for skin cancer prevention in Australia. Economic evaluations were conducted in 2015 with multiple methods applied, including cost-effectiveness [...]

Cet article passe en revue les mécanismes par lesquels les micro-organismes peuvent influencer la carcinogenèse, puis analyse la relation entre microbiome intestinal et cancer colorectal ainsi que la possibilité de développer de nouvelles approches diagnostiques, thérapeutiques ou préventives basées sur des profils de microbiomes

The Human Microbiome and Cancer

Rajagopala, Seesandra V. ; Vashee, Sanjay ; Oldfield, Lauren M. ; Suzuki, Yo ; Venter, J. Craig ; Telenti, Amalio ; Nelson, Karen E.

Recent scientific advances have significantly contributed to our understanding of the complex connection between the microbiome and cancer. Our bodies are continuously exposed to microbial cells, both resident and transient, as well as their byproducts, including toxic metabolites. Circulation of toxic metabolites may contribute to cancer onset or progression at locations distant from where a particular microbe resides. Moreover, microbes may migrate to other locations in the human body and [...]