Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir d'entretiens téléphoniques auprès de 14 femmes enceintes souhaitant arrêter de fumer, cette étude analyse les raisons expliquant la non observance du traitement substitutif nicotinique prescrit

Understanding pregnant smokers’ adherence to nicotine replacement therapy during a quit attempt: a qualitative study

Bowker, Katharine ; Campbell, Katarzyna A. ; Coleman, Tim ; Lewis, Sarah ; Naughton, Felix ; Cooper, Sue

BACKGROUND : Pregnant smokers may be offered nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alongside behavioural support to assist with a quit attempt. Yet trials of NRT have found adherence to be low among pregnant women, and this has made it difficult to determine the efficacy of NRT. The aim of this study is to understand the experience of pregnant women who use NRT but discontinue this early or do not use the medication as recommended. METHODS : Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with [...]

Menée sur 449 hommes atteints d'un cancer du sein et sur 13 855 témoins, cette étude évalue, en fonction de l'indice de masse corporelle, l'association entre le niveau d'activité physique durant le temps de loisirs et le risque de développer la maladie

Physical Activity and Risk of Male Breast Cancer

Arem, Hannah ; Brinton, Louise A ; Moore, Steven C. ; Gapstur, Susan M. ; Habel, Laurel A. ; Johnson, Kenneth ; Kolonel, Laurence N ; McCormack, Valerie A ; Michels, Karin B ; Sesso, Howard D. ; Ursin, Giske ; Van Den Eeden, Stephen K. ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Cook, Michael B ; Matthews, Charles E.

The association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and male breast cancer risk (MBC) is unclear. In the MBC pooling project, with 449 cases and 13,855 matched controls, we used logistic regression with study stratification to generate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for LTPA tertiles and MBC risk. Compared with low LTPA, medium and high LTPA were not associated with MBC risk (OR=1.01, 95% CI 0.79-1.29; 0.90, 0.69-1.18, respectively). In joint-effects [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature (17 études, 10 601 patients), cette méta-analyse met en évidence une association entre la consommation de vitamine B12 et une réduction du risque de cancer colorectal

A dose–response meta-analysis reveals an association between vitamin B12 and colorectal cancer risk

Sun,Nai-Hui ; Huang,Xuan-Zhang ; Wang,Shuai-Bo ; Li,Yuan ; Wang,Long-Yi ; Wang,Hong-Chi ; Zhang,Chang-Wang ; Zhang,Cong ; Liu,Hong-Peng ; Wang,Zhen-Ning

Objective : The current meta-analysis evaluated the association between vitamin B12 intake and blood vitamin B12 level and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Design : The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. A dose–response analysis was performed with generalized least squares regression, with the relative risk (RR) and 95 % CI as effect values. Setting : The meta-analysis included seventeen studies. Subjects : A total of 10 601 patients. Results : The non-linear dose–response relationship [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 1 463 cas et 1 500 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre une consommation d'acides gras poly-insaturés et le risque de cancer du sein, chez des populations de type occidental

Polyunsaturated fatty acid interactions and breast cancer incidence: a population-based case-control study on Long Island, New York

Khankari, Nikhil K. ; Bradshaw, Patrick T. ; Steck, Susan E. ; He, Ka ; Olshan, Andrew F. ; Shen, Jing ; Ahn, Jiyoung ; Chen, Yu ; Ahsan, Habibul ; Terry, Mary Beth ; Teitelbaum, Susan L. ; Neugut, Alfred I. ; Santella, Regina M. ; Gammon, Marilie D.

Purpose : Experimental studies demonstrate that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibit inflammatory eicosanoids generated by ω-6 PUFAs. Epidemiologic studies on dietary ω-3 PUFA intake show consistent inverse associations with breast cancer incidence among Asian populations, where ω-3, relative to ω-6, intake is high. In contrast, associations are inconsistent among Western populations, where intake of ω-3, relative to ω-6, intake is low. We hypothesized that examining interactions [...]

Menée à partir des données de 10 études américaines incluant au total 1 084 133 participants, cette étude évalue, en fonction de la dose, de la fréquence ou de la durée, l'association entre l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (aspirine, ibuprofène, ...) et le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire (679 cas) ou de cholangiocarcinome intra-hépatique (225 cas)

NSAID use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project

Petrick, Jessica L. ; Sahasrabuddhe, Vikrant V. ; Chan, Andrew T. ; Alavanja, Michael C. ; Beane Freeman, Laura E. ; Buring, Julie E. ; Chen, Jie ; Chong, Dawn Q. ; Freedman, Neal D. ; Fuchs, Charles S. ; Gaziano, John Michael ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Graubard, Barry I. ; Hollenbeck, Albert R. ; Hou, Lifang ; Jacobs, Eric J. ; King, Lindsay Y. ; Koshiol, Jill ; Lee, I-Min ; Linet, Martha S. ; Palmer, Julie R. ; Purdue, Mark P. ; Rosenberg, Lynn ; Schairer, Catherine ; Sesso, Howard D. ; Sigurdson, Alice J. ; Wactawski-Wende, Jean ; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne ; Campbell, Peter T. ; McGlynn, Katherine A.

Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the two most common types of liver cancer. A number of prior experimental studies have suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin and ibuprofen, may potentially protect against liver cancer. However, no observational study has examined the association between aspirin duration and dose or other over-the-counter [...]

Mené sur 25 femmes présentant un risque élevé de cancer du sein avant la ménopause, cet essai évalue la possibilité d'utiliser l'acolbifène, un modulateur sélectif des récepteurs à œstrogènes, pour réduire le risque de développer la maladie

Clinical Trial of Acolbifene in Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer

Fabian, Carol J. ; Kimler, Bruce F. ; Zalles, Carola M. ; Phillips, Teresa A. ; Metheny, Trina ; Petroff, Brian K. ; Havighurst, Tom ; Kim, KyungMann ; Bailey, Howard H. ; Heckman-Stoddard, Brandy M.

he purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) acolbifene as a breast cancer prevention agent in premenopausal women. In order to do so we assessed change in proliferation in benign breast tissue sampled by random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) as a primary endpoint, along with changes in other risk biomarkers and objective and subjective side effects as secondary endpoints. Twenty-five women with cytologic [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès d'un échantillon de 527 adultes représentatifs de la population américaine et à l'aide d'un modèle statistique, cette étude évalue la proportion de personnes susceptibles d'adhérer à différents types de réglementation en matière de cigarette électronique, puis évalue l'effet d'informations contradictoires à propos du produit sur l'adhésion à ces réglementations

Public Support for Selected E-Cigarette Regulations and Associations with Overall Information Exposure and Contradictory Information Exposure about E-Cigarettes: Findings From a National Survey of U.S. Adults

Tan, Andy S. L. ; Lee, Chul-joo ; Bigman, Cabral A.

Objective : We assessed public support for six e-cigarette regulations and examined whether self-reported exposure to e-cigarette information and contradictory e-cigarette information were associated with support. Method : We conducted an online survey among a nationally representative sample of 527 U.S. adults in July 2014. Weighted, fully adjusted multinomial logistic regression models predicted support for banning e-cigarettes in smoke-free areas, prohibiting e-cigarette sales to youth, [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2013 (56 études), cette étude identifie des politiques visant à faire augmenter le prix de vente des produits tabagiques par d'autres moyens que l'accise

Beyond excise taxes: a systematic review of literature on non-tax policy approaches to raising tobacco product prices

Golden, Shelley D ; Smith, Margaret Holt ; Feighery, Ellen C ; Roeseler, April ; Rogers, Todd ; Ribisl, Kurt M

Objective : Raising the price of tobacco products is considered one of the most effective ways to reduce tobacco use. In addition to excise taxes, governments are exploring other policies to raise tobacco prices and minimise price dispersion, both within and across price tiers. We conducted a systematic review to determine how these policies are described, recommended and evaluated in the literature. Data sources : We systematically searched six databases and the California Tobacco Control [...]

Menée au Canada, cette étude analyse l'évolution de l'accessibilité des traitements anti-tabac après la mise en place d'une politique de prévention diffusant sur les paquets de tabac des avertissements sanitaires comportant le numéro de téléphone de services d'aide au sevrage tabagique

Impact of Canadian Tobacco Packaging Policy on Quitline Reach and Reach Equity

Baskerville, N. Bruce ; Hayward, Lynda ; Brown, K. Stephen ; Hammond, David ; Kennedy, Ryan David ; Campbell, H. Sharon

Objective : To examine the impact of the new Canadian tobacco package warning labels with a quitline toll-free phone number for seven provincial quitlines, focusing on treatment reach and reach equity in selected vulnerable groups. Methods : A quasi-experimental design assessed changes in new incoming caller characteristics, treatment reach for selected vulnerable sub-populations and the extent to which this reach is equitable, before and after the introduction of the labels in June, 2012. [...]