Menée en Australie à partir de questionnaires auprès de 1 325 participants adultes (durée de l'étude : 11 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la quantité de thé noir consommée et le risque de carcinome basocellulaire ou de carcinome épidermoïde en fonction des antécédents de cancer de la peau

Black Tea Consumption and Risk of Skin Cancer: An 11-Year Prospective Study

Miura, Kyoko ; Hughes, Maria Celia B. ; Arovah, Novita Intan ; van der Pols, Jolieke C. ; Green, Adèle C.

Tea consumption has been shown to protect against skin carcinogenesis in laboratory-based studies; however, epidemiological evidence is limited and inconsistent. This prospective study examined the association between black tea consumption and the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Usual black tea consumption was estimated from food frequency questionnaires completed in 1992, 1994, and 1996 by 1,325 Australian adults. All histologically confirmed skin [...]

Menée à partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2014 (29 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits et de légumes et le risque de cancer du poumon en fonction du statut tabagique

Fruits, vegetables and lung cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Vieira, A.R. ; Abar, L. ; Vingeliene, S. ; Chan, D.S.M. ; Aune, D. ; Navarro-Rosenblatt, D. ; Stevens, C. ; Greenwood, D. ; Norat, T.

Background : Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death. Fruits and vegetables containing carotenoids and other antioxidants have been hypothesized to decrease lung cancer risk. As part of the WCRF International Continuous Update Project, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Methods : We searched PubMed and several databases up to December 2014 for prospective studies. We conducted meta-analyses comparing highest and lowest intakes and [...]

A partir des données de la cohorte E3N incluant 57 403 participantes ménopausées, cette étude évalue l'association entre une supplémentation en vitamine D, un traitement hormonal substitutif de la ménopause et le risque de cancer du sein (2 482 cas)

Interaction between current vitamin D supplementation and menopausal hormone therapy use on breast cancer risk: evidence from the E3N cohort

Cadeau, Claire ; Fournier, Agnès ; Mesrine, Sylvie ; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise ; Fagherazzi, Guy ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine

Background: Experimental studies suggest protective effects of vitamin D on breast carcinogenesis, particularly on estrogen receptor–positive tumors. Epidemiologic data are less conclusive. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the association between postmenopausal breast cancer risk and current or past vitamin D supplementation overall and according to the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Design: Between 1995 and 2008, 2482 invasive breast cancer cases were diagnosed among [...]

Menée auprès de 540 patients diabétiques ayant subi une biopsie de la prostate dont les résultats sont négatifs (durée de suivi : 4 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de metformine ou d'autres médicaments antidiabétiques et le risque de cancer de la prostate ou le degré d'agressivité de la maladie au diagnostic

Metformin Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results from the REDUCE Study

Feng, Tom ; Sun, Xizi ; Howard, Lauren E. ; Vidal, Adriana ; Gaines, Alexis R. ; Moreira, Daniel M. ; Castro-Santamaria, Ramiro ; Andriole, Gerald L. ; Freedland, Stephen J.

The role of metformin in prostate cancer chemoprevention remains unclear. REDUCE, which followed biopsy-negative men with protocol-dictated PSA-independent biopsies at 2- and 4-years, provides an opportunity to evaluate the link between metformin use and prostate cancer diagnosis with minimal confounding from screening biases. In diabetic men from REDUCE, we tested the association between metformin use, use of other anti-diabetic medications, vs. no anti-diabetic medication use and prostate [...]

Menée à partir de données portant sur 2 412 patients présentant un diabète de type 2 et ayant subi une polypectomie pour un ou plusieurs adénomes entre 2000 et 2009 (âge : 40 à 89 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 4,5 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de metformine durant le suivi médical et le risque de nouvel adénome colorectal

Metformin use and risk of colorectal adenoma after polypectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Marks, Amy R ; Pietrofesa, Ralph A ; Jensen, Christopher D ; Zebrowski, Alexis ; Corley, Douglas A ; Doubeni, Chyke A

Background : Existing literature suggests that metformin, the most commonly used biguanide, may lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Because most CRCs originate in pre-cancerous adenomas, we examined whether metformin use lowered colorectal adenoma risk after polypectomy in patients with type-2 diabetes. Methods : Retrospective cohort study of 40-89-year-old Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients who had type-2 diabetes, and ≥1 adenoma detected at baseline colonoscopy during 2000-2009 [...]

A partir des données de 89 enquêtes canadiennes ou américaines réalisées entre 1993 et 2014 auprès d'un échantillon d'au moins 500 participants, cette étude analyse leurs attitudes vis-à-vis de réglementations interdisant de fumer dans des lieux publics en plein air (trottoirs, entrée des bâtiments, aires de jeu, ...)

Attitudes to smoke-free outdoor regulations in the USA and Canada: a review of 89 surveys

Thomson, George ; Wilson, Nick ; Collins, Damian ; Edwards, Richard

Objective : To review the published survey data on public support for smoke-free outdoor regulations in the USA and Canada (two countries at the forefront of such policies). Data sources and study selection : We searched for English language articles and reports using Medline, Google Scholar and Google for the period to December 2014. We retained population-based surveys of the adult general population in jurisdictions in the USA and Canada, with a minimum survey sample of 500. Data extraction [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2014 (10 essais), cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'interventions visant à améliorer les comportements de santé chez les jeunes hommes âgés de 18 à 35 ans

A systematic review of SNAPO (Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical activity and Obesity) randomized controlled trials in young adult men

Ashton, Lee M. ; Morgan, Philip J. ; Hutchesson, Melinda J. ; Rollo, Megan E. ; Young, Myles D. ; Collins, Clare E.

Objectives : To investigate the effectiveness of smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity or obesity (SNAPO) interventions in young men exclusively. The secondary aim was to evaluate the recruitment, retention and engagement strategies. Methods : A search with no date restrictions was conducted across seven databases. Randomized controlled trials recruiting young men only (aged 18-35 years) into interventions targeting any SNAPO risk factors were included. Results : Ten studies were [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir d'un modèle mathématique intégrant des données commerciales portant sur la période 2011-2013, cette étude estime les effets de l'évolution du prix des cigarettes et des petits cigares sur leurs ventes respectives

Effect of price changes in little cigars and cigarettes on little cigar sales: USA, Q4 2011–Q4 2013

Gammon, Doris G ; Loomis, Brett R ; Dench, Daniel L ; King, Brian A ; Fulmer, Erika B ; Rogers, Todd

Introduction : Little cigars are comparable to cigarettes in terms of shape, size, filters and packaging. Disproportionate tobacco excise taxes, which directly affect purchase price, may lead consumers to substitute cigarettes with less expensive little cigars. This study estimated the effects of little cigar and cigarette prices on little cigar sales. Methods : Sales data from a customised retail scanner database were used to model a log–log equation to infer own-price and cross-price [...]