Menée auprès de 44 708 participantes afro-américaines (âge : 30 ans ou plus ; durée de suivi : 307 672 personnes-années), cette étude évalue l'association entre le niveau d'activité physique (exercices physiques intenses ou marche active) et le risque de cancer du sein par sous-type moléculaire (688 cas ER+ et 405 cas ER-)

A prospective study of physical activity and breast cancer incidence in African American women

Rosenberg, Lynn ; Palmer, Julie R. ; Bethea, Traci N. ; Ban, Yulun ; Kipping-Ruane, Kristen ; Adams-Campbell, Lucile L.

Background : Physical activity has been associated with reduced risk of breast cancer. Evidence on the association in African Americans is limited. Methods : With prospective data from the Black Women's Health Study, we assessed vigorous exercise and walking in relation to incidence of invasive breast cancer overall (n=1,364), estrogen receptor-positive (ER+, n=688) cancer, and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-, n=405) cancer, based on 307,672 person years of follow-up of 44,708 African American [...]

Menée à partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée entre 1956 et 2014 (19 études, 1 290 045 participants), cette méta-analyse montre qu'une augmentation de la consommation de légumes, et non de fruits, réduit le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire (3 912 cas)

Increased Intake of Vegetables, but not Fruit, Reduces Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis

Yang, Yang ; Zhang, Dan ; Feng, Na ; Chen, Guochong ; Liu, Jianjiang ; Chen, Guiping ; Zhu, Yuan

Background & Aims : The anti-cancer effects of vegetables and fruit have been investigated extensively, but the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been quantified. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to clarify the association. Methods : We identified eligible studies, published from 1956 through May 31, 2014, by searching PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature (20 articles), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation ou les niveaux sériques de vitamine D et le risque de mélanome ou d'autres cancers de la peau

Vitamin D and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer risk and prognosis: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis

Caini, Saverio ; Boniol, Mathieu ; Tosti, Giulio ; Magi, Serena ; Medri, Matelda ; Stanganelli, Ignazio ; Palli, Domenico ; Assedi, Melania ; Marmol, Veronique del ; Gandini, Sara

Vitamin D is formed mainly in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and can as well be taken orally with food or through supplements. While sun exposure is a known risk factor for skin cancer development, vitamin D exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on melanocytes and keratinocytes in vitro. To clarify the role of vitamin D in skin carcinogenesis, we performed a review of the literature and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of vitamin D serum levels and dietary intake with [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 371 patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon et auprès de 496 témoins (âge : supérieur à 30 ans), cette étude espagnole évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits ou de légumes et le risque de développer la maladie

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Lung Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Galicia, Spain

Tarrazo-Antelo, Ana Marina ; Ruano-Ravina, Alberto ; Abal Arca, José ; Barros-Dios, Juan Miguel

Lung cancer has multiple risk factors and tobacco is the main one. Diet plays a role, but no clear effect has been consistently observed for different fruit and vegetable consumption. We aim to assess the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk through a hospital-based case-control study in Spanish population. We recruited incident lung cancer cases in 2 Spanish hospitals from 2004 to 2008. Controls were individuals attending hospital for trivial surgery. Cases [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée entre 1985 et 2013, cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation de thé noir et le risque de cancer du sein

Meta-Analysis of Black Tea Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk: Update 2013

Nie, Xiao-Cui ; Dong, Dao-Song ; Bai, Yang ; Xia, Pu

Black tea is a commonly consumed beverage in the world, comprising approximately 80% of all tea consumed. We sought to examine the association between black tea consumption and risk of breast cancer, using all available epidemiologic evidence to date. PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, and China Biological Medicine Database were used to search for citations using the MeSH terms as ?breast neoplasm? AND ?black tea.? Then we performed a [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès d'une cohorte de 477 312 participants âgés de 35 à 70 ans (durée moyenne de suivi : 11 ans), cette étude européenne évalue l'association entre la consommation de flavonoïdes et de lignanes d'origine alimentaire et le risque de cancer de la vessie (1 575 cas)

Flavonoid and lignan intake in relation to bladder cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

Zamora-Ros, R. ; Sacerdote, C. ; Ricceri, F. ; Weiderpass, E. ; Roswall, N. ; Buckland, G. ; St-Jules, D. E. ; Overvad, K. ; Kyro, C. ; Fagherazzi, G. ; Kvaskoff, M. ; Severi, G. ; Chang-Claude, J. ; Kaaks, R. ; Nöthlings, U. ; Trichopoulou, A. ; Naska, A. ; Trichopoulos, D. ; Palli, D. ; Grioni, S. ; Mattiello, A. ; Tumino, R. ; Gram, I. T. ; Engeset, D. ; Huerta, J. M. ; Molina-Montes, E. ; Argüelles, M. ; Amiano, P. ; Ardanaz, E. ; Ericson, U. ; Lindkvist, B. ; Nilsson, L. M. ; Kiemeney, L. A. ; Ros, M. ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. ; Peeters, P. H. M. ; Khaw, K. T. ; Wareham, N. J. ; Knaze, V. ; Romieu, I. ; Scalbert, A. ; Brennan, P. ; Wark, P. ; Vineis, P. ; Riboli, E. ; Gonzalez, C. A.

Background : There is growing evidence of the protective role of dietary intake of flavonoids and lignans on cancer, but the association with bladder cancer has not been thoroughly investigated in epidemiological studies. We evaluated the association between dietary intakes of total and subclasses of flavonoids and lignans and risk of bladder cancer and its main morphological type, urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC), within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) [...]

Menée à partir des données de deux registres américains portant sur 94 patients atteints d'un carcinome hépatocellulaire et sur 468 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de statines et le risque de développer la maladie

Statin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a U.S. population

McGlynn, Katherine A. ; Divine, George W. ; Sahasrabuddhe, Vikrant V. ; Engel, Lawrence S. ; VanSlooten, Ashley ; Wells, Karen ; Yood, Marianne Ulcickas ; Alford, Sharon Hensley

Purpose : Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are medications widely prescribed to reduce cholesterol levels. Observational studies in high-risk populations, mostly in Asia, have suggested that statins are associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current study sought to evaluate the association of statin use and HCC in a U.S.-based, low-risk, general population. Methods : A nested case–control study was conducted among members of the [...]

Menée à partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée récemment (52 articles), cette étude estime, pour la population générale et en fonction de la durée du traitement et de la dose quotidienne consommée, le rapport bénéfices/risques associé à l'utilisation de l'aspirine dans la prévention des cancers

Estimates of benefits and harms of prophylactic use of aspirin in the general population

Cuzick, J. ; Thorat, M. A. ; Bosetti, C. ; Brown, P. H. ; Burn, J. ; Cook, N. R. ; Ford, L. G. ; Jacobs, E. J. ; Jankowski, J. A. ; La Vecchia, C. ; Law, M. ; Meyskens, F. ; Rothwell, P. M. ; Senn, H. J. ; Umar, A.

Background : Accumulating evidence supports an effect of aspirin in reducing overall cancer incidence and mortality in the general population. We reviewed current data and assessed the benefits and harms of prophylactic use of aspirin in the general population. Methods : The effect of aspirin for site-specific cancer incidence and mortality, cardiovascular events was collated from the most recent systematic reviews. Studies identified through systematic Medline search provided data regarding [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'une xénogreffe de cancer de la peau sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que l'acide caféique, en ciblant directement les kinases ERK1/2, réduit la carcinogenèse associée aux rayons ultraviolets solaires

Caffeic acid directly targets ERK1/2 to attenuate solar UV-induced skin carcinogenesis

Yang, Ge ; Fu, Yang ; Malakhova, Margarita ; Kurinov, Igor ; Zhu, Feng ; Yao, Ke ; Li, Haitao ; Chen, Hanyong ; Li, Wei ; Lim, Do Young ; Sheng, Yuqiao ; Bode, Ann M. ; Dong, Ziming ; Dong, Zigang

Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is a well-known phenolic phytochemical present in coffee and reportedly has anticancer activities. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and targeted proteins involved in the suppression of carcinogenesis by caffeic acid are not fully understood. In this study, we report that caffeic acid significantly inhibits colony formation of human skin cancer cells and EGF-induced neoplastic transformation of HaCaT cells dose-dependently. Caffeic acid [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 54 728 femmes ménopausées dont 5 325 ayant des antécédents de cancer de la peau (âge moyen : 63,5 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 6,9 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et le risque de cancer de la peau hors mélanome

Non-melanoma skin cancer and NSAID use in women with a history of skin cancer in the Women's Health Initiative

Wysong, Ashley ; Ally, Mina S. ; Gamba, Christina S. ; Desai, Manisha ; Swetter, Susan M. ; Seiffert-Sinha, Kristina ; Sinha, Animesh A. ; Stefanick, Marcia L. ; Tang, Jean Y.

Objective : Evidence for the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risk is inconsistent. We prospectively examined whether regular, inconsistent, or no/low-use of NSAIDs is associated with lower NMSC risk among 54,728 postmenopausal Caucasian women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study enrolled between 1993 and 1998. Methods : Logistic regression models were used to assess odds of NMSC after adjusting for skin type, sun [...]

Menée sur un modèle murin et sur une cohorte de 1 738 personnes exposées à l'amiante, cette étude évalue l'effet de l'utilisation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et des inhibiteurs de la cyclo-oxygénase 2 sur le risque de mésothéliome malin induit par l'amiante et sur la sévérité de la maladie

Effect of NSAIDS and COX-2 Inhibitors on the Incidence and Severity of Asbestos-Induced Malignant Mesothelioma: Evidence From an Animal Model and a Human Cohort

Robinson, Cleo ; Alfonso, Helman ; Woo, Samantha ; Olsen, Nola ; Musk, A. W. ; Robinson, Bruce W. S. ; Nowak, Anna K. ; Lake, Richard A.

Objectives : Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and COX-2 inhibitors have been associated with lower incidence rates of some cancers. Because asbestos can cause chronic inflammation at the pleural and peritoneal surfaces we hypothesised that NSAID and COX-2 inhibitors would inhibit the development of asbestos-induced mesothelioma. Material and Methods : A murine model of asbestos-induced mesothelioma was used to test this hypothesis by providing the NSAID, aspirin, daily in the feed [...]

Menée à partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès de 2 168 consommateurs d'alcool, cette étude australienne évalue leurs perceptions vis-à-vis de différents types d'avertissements sanitaires apposés sur les bouteilles de boissons alcoolisées et informant du risque de cancer lié à la consommation d'alcool

Developing cancer warning statements for alcoholic beverages

Pettigrew, Simone ; Jongenelis, Michelle ; Chikritzhs, Tanya ; Slevin, Terry ; Pratt, Iain ; Glance, David ; Liang, Wenbin

BACKGROUND :There is growing evidence of the increased cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption, but this is not well understood by the general public. This study investigated the acceptability among drinkers of cancer warning statements for alcoholic beverages. METHODS : Six focus groups were conducted with Australian drinkers to develop a series of cancer-related warning statements for alcohol products. Eleven cancer warning statements and one general health warning statement were [...]

A partir d'une revue sytématique de la littérature publiée entre 1993 et 2013 (21 articles), cette étude évalue l'intérêt des avertissements sanitaires graphiques imprimés sur les paquets de cigarettes pour inciter les fumeurs à arrêter de fumer

Systematic Review of the Effect of Pictorial Warnings on Cigarette Packages in Smoking Behavior

Monárrez-Espino, Joel ; Liu, Bojing ; Greiner, Felix ; Bremberg, Sven ; Galanti, Rosaria

We used a structured approach to assess whether active smokers presented with pictorial warnings on cigarette packages (PWCP) had a higher probability of quitting, reducing, and attempting to quit smoking than did unexposed smokers.We identified 21 articles from among nearly 2500 published between 1993 and 2013, prioritizing coverage over relevance or quality because we expected to find only a few studies with behavioral outcomes. We found very large heterogeneity across studies, poor or very [...]

Menée auprès de 740 fumeurs âgés de 18 à 30 ans, cette étude américaine évalue l'effet de 4 images de paquets de cigarettes comportant des avertissements sanitaires, positifs ou négatifs, sur leurs perceptions des risques associés au tabagisme et leurs motivations pour arrêter de fumer

Framing Pictorial Cigarette Warning Labels to Motivate Young Smokers to Quit

Mays, Darren ; Turner, Monique M. ; Zhao, Xiaoquan ; Evans, W. Douglas ; Luta, George ; Tercyak, Kenneth P.

Introduction : The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act requires new pictorial warnings for U.S. cigarette packs, but enactment has been delayed by tobacco industry lawsuits. Research can inform implementation of the pictorial warning requirement and identify ways to optimize their public health impact post-implementation. This study investigated the impact of warning label message framing on young smokers’ motivation to quit, examining cessation self-efficacy and perceived risks [...]