A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en octobre 2012 (21 articles, 580 064 participants), cette méta-analyse montre que la consommation de fibres d'origine alimentaire réduit le risque de cancer de l'estomac

Dietary Fiber Intake Reduces Risk for Gastric Cancer: a Meta-Analysis

Zhang, Zhizhong ; Xu, Gelin ; Ma, Minmin ; Yang, Jie ; Liu, Xinfeng

The association between dietary fiber intake and gastric cancer risk has been investigated by many studies, with inconclusive results. We conducted a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies to analyze this association. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase through October 2012. We analyzed 21 articles, which included 580,064 subjects. Random effects models were used to estimate summary relative risks. Dose-response, subgroup, sensitivity, meta-regression, and [...]

Menée à partir de questionnaires auprès de 74 914 participantes âgées de 40 à 70 ans (durée moyenne de suivi : 11 ans) et à l'aide d'une méta-analyse des études observationnelles publiées jusqu'en décembre 2011, cette étude chinoise évalue l'association entre la consommation de légumes crucifères et le risque de cancer du poumon (417 cas)

Cruciferous vegetables consumption and the risk of female lung cancer: a prospective study and a meta-analysis

Wu, Q. J. ; Xie, L. ; Zheng, W. ; Vogtmann, E. ; Li, H. L. ; Yang, G. ; Ji, B. T. ; Gao, Y. T. ; Shu, X. O. ; Xiang, Y. B.

Background Epidemiological studies evaluating the association between cruciferous vegetables (CVs) intake and female lung cancer risk have produced inconsistent results.Patients and methods This study followed 74 914 Chinese women aged 40–70 years who participated in the Shanghai Women's Health Study. CV intake was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and reassessed during follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were estimated by [...]

Menée à partir de données d'une étude cas-témoins italienne incluant 1 953 patients atteints d'un cancer du côlon ou du rectum et 4 154 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'activité antioxydante globale d'origine alimentaire et le risque de cancer colorectal

Dietary total antioxidant capacity and colorectal cancer: A large case–control study in Italy

La Vecchia, Carlo ; Decarli, Adriano ; Serafini, Mauro ; Parpinel, Maria ; Bellocco, Rino ; Galeone, Carlotta ; Bosetti, Cristina ; Zucchetto, Antonella ; Polesel, Jerry ; Lagiou, Pagona ; Negri, Eva ; Rossi, Marta

A favorable role of fruit and vegetables on colorectal cancer risk has been related to the antioxidant properties of their components. We used data from an Italian case–control study including 1,953 patients with incident, histologically confirmed colorectal cancer (1,225 colon and 728 rectal cancers). Controls were 4,154 patients admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. A reproducible and valid food frequency questionnaire was used to assess subjects' usual diet. Total [...]

Menée entre 1986 et 2008 auprès de 72 051 femmes et 46 380 hommes (durée de suivi : 22 ans), cette étude prospective évalue l'association entre le taux plasmatique de 25-hydroxyvitamine D, issue de l'hydroxylation de la vitamine D par le foie, et le risque de cancer à cellules rénales (408 cas)

Predicted Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Renal Cell Cancer

Joh, Hee‑Kyung ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Bertrand, Kimberly A. ; Lim, Soo ; Cho, Eunyoung

Background : Although the kidney is a primary organ for vitamin D metabolism, the association between vitamin D and renal cell cancer (RCC) remains unclear. Methods : We prospectively evaluated the association between predicted plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and RCC risk among 72 051 women and 46 380 men in the period from 1986 to 2008. Predicted plasma 25(OH)D scores were computed using validated regression models that included major determinants of vitamin D status (race, ultraviolet B [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin de carcinome épidermoïde du poumon, cette étude analyse les effets chimiopréventifs du ginseng blanc coréen sur la carcinogenèse

Chemoprevention of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Ginseng

Pan, Jing ; Zhang, Qi ; Li, Kezhen ; Liu, Qian ; Wang, Yian ; You, Ming

In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive activity of Korea white ginseng (KWG) in a mouse lung SCC model. N-nitroso-trischloroethylurea (NTCU) was used to induce lung tumors in female Swiss mice, and KWG was given orally. KWG significantly reduced the percentage of lung SCCs from 26.5% in the control group to 9.1% in the KWG group, meantime, increased percentage of normal bronchial and hyperplasia. KWG was also found to greatly reduce squamous cell lung tumor area from an average of [...]

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude évalue l'intérêt de la silibinine, une phytosubstance extraite du chardon-Marie, pour inhiber la voie Cdk4 et réduire la carcinogenèse colorectale

Chemoprevention utility of silibinin and Cdk4 pathway inhibition in Apc-/+ mice

Karim, Baktiar ; Rhee, Ki-Jong ; Liu, Guosheng ; Zheng, Dongfeng ; Huso, David

BACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. Colorectal cancers have a prolonged latency following initiation that may span decades providing ample time for implementing a chemoprevention strategy that could block or reverse the progression to CRC. Cdk4 pathway alterations have been linked to a number of cancers including CRC. In these experiments we focused on the Cdk4 pathway and its role in intestinal tumorigenesis as a possible [...]

A partir d'un modèle de simulation intégrant des données issues de la littérature scientifique, cette étude danoise évalue les effets d'une taxation sélective appliquée aux denrées alimentaires sur l'incidence de cancers liés à la nutrition

The health benefits of selective taxation as an economic instrument in relation to IHD and nutrition-related cancers

Holm,Astrid L ; Laursen,Mai-Britt ; Koch,Maria ; Jensen,Jørgen D ; Diderichsen,Finn

Objective The present study aimed to estimate the health benefits of selective taxation of healthy and unhealthy food commodities in relation to CVD and nutrition-related cancers. Design The potential health effects of a selective taxation scenario were estimated as changes in the burden of disease, measured by disability-adjusted life years, from health outcomes affected by the changes in food intake. The change in burden of a disease was calculated as the change in incidence of the disease [...]

Cette étude évalue l'intérêt d'utiliser des scores de risque génétique pour réduire la taille, la durée et le coût des essais cliniques de prévention

The Benefits of Using Genetic Information to Design Prevention Trials

Hu, Youna ; Li, Li ; Ehm, Margaret G ; Bing, Nan ; Song, Kijoung ; Nelson, Matthew R ; Talmud, Philippa J ; Hingorani, Aroon D ; Kumari, Meena ; Kivimäki, Mika ; Xu, Chun-Fang ; Waterworth, Dawn M ; Whittaker, John C ; Abecasis, Gonçalo R ; Spino, Cathie ; Kang, Hyun Min

Clinical trials for preventative therapies are complex and costly endeavors focused on individuals likely to develop disease in a short time frame, randomizing them to treatment groups, and following them over time. In such trials, statistical power is governed by the rate of disease events in each group and cost is determined by randomization, treatment, and follow-up. Strategies that increase the rate of disease events by enrolling individuals with high risk of disease can significantly [...]