A partir d'une enquête menée dans 7 villes chinoises auprès de 7 309 fumeurs adultes, cette étude montre que les participants provenant de milieux socio-économiques défavorisés éprouvent plus de difficultés à arrêter de fumer

Urban Chinese Smokers From Lower Socioeconomic Backgrounds Face More Barriers to Quitting: Results From the International Tobacco Control-China Survey

Yong, Hua-Hie ; Siahpush, Mohammad ; Borland, Ron ; Li, Lin ; O’Connor, Richard J. ; Yang, Jilan ; Fong, Geoffrey T. ; Yuan, Jiang

Introduction: Research findings on social disparities in barriers to quitting faced by smokers from mainly Western English language countries may or may not generalize to smokers in China. This paper sought to determine whether nicotine dependence, quitting self-efficacy, quitting interest differ by socio-economic status (SES), and whether they mediate the relationship between SES and quitting behavior of urban Chinese smokers.Methods: Data come from 7,309 adult smokers who participated in the [...]

A partir de questionnaires auprès de 477 206 participants inclus dans une étude de cohorte européenne, cette étude évalue l'association entre la quantité de carbohydrates et de fibres alimentaires consommés quotidiennement et le risque de développer un carcinome hépatocellulaire (191 cas) ou un cancer des voies biliaires (voies biliares : 236 cas ; voies biliaires intra-hépatiques : 66 cas)

Glycemic index, glycemic load, dietary carbohydrate, and dietary fiber intake and risk of liver and biliary tract cancers in Western Europeans

Fedirko, V. ; Lukanova, A. ; Bamia, C. ; Trichopolou, A. ; Trepo, E. ; Nöthlings, U. ; Schlesinger, S. ; Aleksandrova, K. ; Boffetta, P. ; Tjønneland, A. ; Johnsen, N. F. ; Overvad, K. ; Fagherazzi, G. ; Racine, A. ; Boutron-Ruault, M. C. ; Grote, V. ; Kaaks, R. ; Boeing, H. ; Naska, A. ; Adarakis, G. ; Valanou, E. ; Palli, D. ; Sieri, S. ; Tumino, R. ; Vineis, P. ; Panico, S. ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. ; Siersema, P. D. ; Peeters, P. H. ; Weiderpass, E. ; Skeie, G. ; Engeset, D. ; Quiros, J. R. ; Zamora-Ros, R. ; Sanchez, M. J. ; Amiano, P. ; Huerta, J. M. ; Barricarte, A. ; Johansen, D. ; Lindkvist, B. ; Sund, M. ; Werner, M. ; Crowe, F. ; Khaw, K. T. ; Ferrari, P. ; Romieu, I. ; Chuang, S. C. ; Riboli, E. ; Jenab, M.

Background The type and quantity of dietary carbohydrate as quantified by glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and dietary fiber may influence the risk of liver and biliary tract cancers, but convincing evidence is lacking.Patients and methods The association between dietary GI/GL and carbohydrate intake with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; N = 191), intrahepatic bile duct (IBD; N = 66), and biliary tract (N = 236) cancer risk was investigated in 477 206 participants of the European [...]

Menée in vitro, à l'aide d'un modèle murin et de modèles mathématiques, cette étude met en évidence un mécanisme par lequel la vitamine D peut prévenir la carcinogenèse en agissant sur le récepteur de la vitamine D impliqué dans les processus de régulation du réseau c-MYC/MXD1

Vitamin D receptor as a master regulator of the c-MYC/MXD1 network

Salehi-Tabar, Reyhaneh ; Nguyen-Yamamoto, Loan ; Tavera-Mendoza, Luz E. ; Quail, Thomas ; Dimitrov, Vassil ; An, Beum-Soo ; Glass, Leon ; Goltzman, David ; White, John H.

Vitamin D signaling regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and epidemiological data suggest that it functions as a cancer chemopreventive agent, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Vitamin D signaling can suppress expression of genes regulated by c-MYC, a transcription factor that controls epidermal differentiation and cell proliferation and whose activity is frequently elevated in cancer. We show through cell- and animal-based studies and mathematical modeling [...]

A partir des données de 4 registres danois portant sur 238 196 patients atteints d'un premier cancer diagnostiqué entre 2000 et 2009 et sur 1 713 176 témoins, cette étude en population évalue l'association entre l'utilisation à long terme d'antagonistes de la vitamine K et le risque de cancer par localisation

Cancer risk in long-term users of vitamin K antagonists: A population-based case–control study

Pottegård, Anton ; Friis, Søren ; Hallas, Jesper

Some evidence suggests that long-term use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) has a cancer chemopreventive effect. Such an effect would have considerable implications in terms of understanding tumor biology. To evaluate if long-term VKA treatment influences the risk of developing cancer, we performed a matched case–control analysis. We used data from four Danish nationwide registers. Cases were all Danish individuals with a first-time cancer diagnosis (except nonmelanoma skin cancer) between 2000 [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les déficiences neurocognitives liées aux traitements, en particulier les radiothérapies du cerveau, chez les patients atteints d'un cancer et analyse l'intérêt d'utiliser le lithium comme neuroprotecteur durant ces traitements

Using lithium as a neuroprotective agent in patients with cancer

Khasraw, Mustafa ; Ashley, David ; Wheeler, Greg ; Berk, Michael

Neurocognitive impairment is being increasingly recognized as an important issue in patients with cancer who develop cognitive difficulties either as part of direct or indirect involvement of the nervous system or as a consequence of either chemotherapy-related or radiotherapy-related complications. Brain radiotherapy in particular can lead to significant cognitive defects. Neurocognitive decline adversely affects quality of life, meaningful employment, and even simple daily activities. [...]

A partir de données du système d'assurance maladie de Taïwan portant sur 22 910 patients atteints d'un diabète diagnostiqué entre 2001 et 2009 et sur 91 636 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre l'utilisation d'insulinosensibilisants (thiazolidinediones) et le risque de cancer par localisation

A population-based cohort study in Taiwan––use of insulin sensitizers can decrease cancer risk in diabetic patients?

Kao, C.-H. ; Sun, L.-M. ; Chen, P.-C. ; Lin, M.-C. ; Liang, J.-A. ; Muo, C.-H. ; Chang, S.-N. ; Sung, F.-C.

Background The purpose of the study was to explore the possible association between the use of insulin sensitizers (thiazolidinediones, TZDs) and the risk of cancer in Taiwanese diabetic patients.Patients and Methods From the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan, we identified 22 910 diabetic patients newly diagnosed from 2001 to 2009 and 91 636 non-diabetic comparisons frequency matched with age, sex, and calendar year, excluding those with cancer at the baseline. [...]

Mené sur 129 patientes atteintes d'un lymphome (âge : 18 à 45 ans ; durée de suivi : 1 an), cet essai prospectif randomisé évalue l'efficacité et la toxicité de l'ajout d'un agoniste de l'hormone de libération des gonadotrophines, la triptoréline, à la noréthistérone dans la prévention d'une insuffisance ovarienne associée à une chimiothérapie

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Failure in Patients With Lymphoma: 1-Year Follow-Up of a Prospective Randomized Trial

Demeestere, Isabelle ; Brice, Pauline ; Peccatori, Fedro A. ; Kentos, Alain ; Gaillard, Isabelle ; Zachee, Pierre ; Casasnovas, Rene-Olivier ; Van Den Neste, Eric ; Dechene, Julie ; De Maertelaer, Vivianne ; Bron, Dominique ; Englert, Yvon

Purpose To assess the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in preventing chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in patients treated for Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma within the setting of a multicenter, randomized, prospective trial. Patients and Methods Patients age 18 to 45 years were randomly assigned to receive either the GnRHa triptorelin plus norethisterone (GnRHa group) or norethisterone alone (control group) concomitantly with alkylating agents containing [...]

Menée sur des souris mâles, cette étude montre qu'un composé organique comportant un atome de magnésium peut supprimer la carcinogenèse du côlon associée à une inflammation

Organo-Magnesium Suppresses Inflammation-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis in Male Crj: CD-1 Mice

Kuno, Toshiya ; Hatano, Yuichiro ; Tomita, Hiroyuki ; Hara, Akira ; Hirose, Yoshinobu ; Hirata, Akihiro ; Mori, Hideki ; Terasaki, Masaru ; Masuda, Sonoko ; Tanaka, Takuji

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency increases genomic instability and Mg intake has been reported to be inversely associated with a risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was designed to determine whether organo-magnesium (organo-Mg) in drinking water suppresses inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis in mice. Male Crj: CD-1 mice were initiated with a single i.p. injection of azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg body weight) and followed by a one-week exposure to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 1.5%, w/v) [...]

Menée sur des rats exposés à l'hydrazine(1,2-diméthyl), cette étude évalue l'effet chimiopréventif de la thymoquinone, une substance provenant de la plante d'origine asiatique Nigella sativa, sur le stress oxydant durant les phases d'initiation et de promotion de la carcinogenèse du côlon

Effect of thymoquinone on 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine-induced oxidative stress during initiation and promotion of colon carcinogenesis

Jrah-Harzallah, Hanene ; Ben-Hadj-Khalifa, Sonia ; Almawi, Wassim Y. ; Maaloul, Aya ; Houas, Zohra ; Mahjoub, Touhami

We evaluated pre- and post-thymoquinone (TQ) treatment on 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH)-induced oxidative stress during initiation and promotion of colon carcinogenesis. Wistar rats were induced with DMH (20 mg/kg) for 10 or 20 weeks, and treated with TQ (5 mg/kg). Following sacrifice, the colons were analysed for tumour development, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation [conjugated diene (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)], antioxidants [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase [...]