A partir de questionnaires, cette étude compare le niveau de dépendance à la nicotine de fumeurs intermittents (217 cas) et de fumeurs réguliers (197 cas)

Tobacco Dependence Among Intermittent Smokers

Shiffman, Saul ; Ferguson, Stuart G. ; Dunbar, Michael S. ; Scholl, Sarah M.

Introduction: Intermittent smokers (ITS) are an increasingly prevalent segment of smokers, yet it is unknown whether or how dependence severity may vary across ITS.Methods: Participants were 217 ITS (70 never daily ITS [NITS], 138 converted ITS [CITS], and 9 unknown), who smoked 4–27 days per month, and 197 daily smokers (DS), recruited for a study on smoking patterns. Participants completed questionnaires on dependence (time to first cigarette after waking, Fagerström Test of Nicotine [...]

Menée auprès de 426 familles incluant deux adolescents et à l'aide d'un modèle mathématique, cette étude longitudinale évalue l'influence réciproque des comportements tabagiques entre parents et adolescents

Bidirectional Influences Between Parents and Children in Smoking Behavior: A Longitudinal Full-Family Model

Schuck, Kathrin ; Otten, Roy ; Engels, Rutger C. M. E. ; Barker, Edward D. ; Kleinjan, Marloes

Background: The present study investigated longitudinal associations and bidirectional influences between family members in smoking behavior using a longitudinal full-family design. Family systems provide a powerful social context in which modeling and imitation take place. In current literature, however, bidirectional associations between parents and children in smoking behavior are seldom considered. Methods : Participants were 426 families, including mothers, fathers, and 2 adolescent [...]

Menée en 2010 à partir d'enquêtes auprès d'hommes et de femmes âgés de 18 ans ou plus, cette étude transversale analyse, dans 9 pays de l'ancien bloc soviétique, la prévalence de la dépendance à la nicotine et identifie les facteurs psychosociaux associés

Prevalence and Psychosocial Determinants of Nicotine Dependence in Nine Countries of the Former Soviet Union

Roberts, Bayard ; Gilmore, Anna ; Stickley, Andrew ; Kizilova, Kseniya ; Prohoda, Vladimir ; Rotman, David ; Haerpfer, Christian ; McKee, Martin

Introduction: Despite the high prevalence of smoking in the former Soviet Union (fSU), particularly among men, there is very little information on nicotine dependence in the region. The study aim was to describe the prevalence of nicotine dependence in 9 countries of the fSU and to examine the psychosocial factors associated with nicotine dependence.Methods: Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys using multistage random sampling were conducted in 2010 with men and women aged 18 [...]

A partir d'une enquête en ligne auprès de 885 fumeurs et anciens fumeurs, cette étude évalue l'utilisation de différents traitements de substitution de la nicotine ainsi que le degré de satisfaction perçue

An Internet Survey of Use, Opinions and Preferences for Smoking Cessation Medications: Nicotine, Varenicline, and Bupropion

Etter, Jean-François ; Schneider, Nina G.

Introduction : We assessed use, compliance and preferences among smoking cessation medications in a “real world” sample of current and former smokers. Methods : Internet survey on a smoking cessation website (French/English, 2008–2010) to assess use of nicotine replacement therapies (NRT), varenicline, and bupropion. Results : There were 885 participants (39% current smokers, 61% former smokers), the majority of the sample (70%) was female. The most frequently used medications were, in order: [...]

Menée à partir d'un questionnaire auprès de 385 étudiants québecois, cette étude identifie les facteurs qui favorisent la consommation quotidienne de cinq fruits et légumes chez les jeunes

Determinants of the intention of post-secondary students to eat at least five servings of vegetables and fruit daily

Boucher, D. ; Gagné, C. ; Côté, F.

Background Vegetable and fruit consumption helps reduce the occurrence of overweight, obesity, and other chronic diseases. However, only 50% of young adults eat at least five servings of these foods daily. Based on the construct of the Theory of planned behaviour of Ajzen (1991) to which other constructs were added (descriptive norm, perceived regularity of the behaviour and past behaviour), this study aims at identifying the determinants in the intention of young adults in postsecondary [...]

Menée sur une cohorte de 291 patients atteints d'une cirrhose compensée associée au virus de l'hépatite C (durée médiane de suivi : 54 mois), cette étude rétrospective observationnelle évalue l'effet à long terme du propanolol, une molécule ayant des propriétés anti-inflammatoires, anti-angiogéniques et anti-tumorales, sur le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire

Effect of long-term propranolol treatment on hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with viral C cirrhosis

Nkontchou, Gisele ; Aout, Mounir ; Mahmoudi, Amel ; Roulot, Dominique ; Bourcier, Valerie ; grando, Veronnique ; Ganne-Carrie, Nathalie ; Trinchet, Jean-Claude ; Vicaut, eric ; Beaugrand, Michel

ABSTRACT Propranolol bears antioxidant anti-inflammatory ,anti-angiogenic properties and anti-tumoral effects and therefore is potentially active in the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) .We retrospectively assessed the impact of propranolol treatment on HCC occurrence in a cohort of 291 patients with compensated viral C (HCV) cirrhosis, prospectively screened for HCC. Among them, 93 (50 male, mean age 59.5 ± 12, platelet count:111 ± 53 ) developed esophageal varices (OV) or had OV [...]

A partir d'une revue de la littérature publiée jusqu'en septembre 2011 (139 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'utilisation de l'aspirine et le risque de cancer

Aspirin and cancer risk: a quantitative review to 2011

Bosetti, C. ; Rosato, V. ; Gallus, S. ; Cuzick, J. ; La Vecchia, C.

Background: Aspirin has been associated to a reduced risk of colorectal and possibly of a few other common cancers.Methods: To provide an up-to-date quantification of this association, we conducted a meta-analysis of all observational studies on aspirin and 12 selected cancer sites published up to September 2011.Results: Regular aspirin is associated with a statistically significant reduced risk of colorectal cancer [summary relative risk (RR) from random effects models = 0.73, 95% confidence [...]

Mené en Angleterre auprès de 2 915 hommes et femmes âgés de 16 à 78 ans, cet essai randomisé contrôlé évalue les facteurs d'utilisation d'un système automatisé interactif envoyant des messages textuels sur les téléphones mobiles pour prévenir la récidive tabagique

Preventing Smoking Relapse Using Text Messages: Analysis of Data From the txt2stop Trial

Devries, Karen M. ; Kenward, Michael G. ; Free, Caroline J.

Introduction: Interactive text message-based technologies which operate in real time have the potential to be especially effective for delivery of relapse prevention interventions. We examined of a text message system for providing support for lapses and cravings, describe the natural history of requests for support, and predictors of time to requests for support.Methods: Data were collected prospectively from participants in the intervention arm of txt2stop, a large randomized controlled trial [...]