The safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced cancers and pre-existing chronic viral infections (Hepatitis B/C, HIV): a review of the available evidence

Cette étude passe en revue les essais évaluant l’efficacité et la toxicité des inhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaire chez des patients atteints d’un cancer et d’une infection virale chronique antérieure (VIH, hépatites A et B)

Résumé en anglais

The treatment paradigm of several cancers has dramatically changed in recent years with the introduction of immunotherapy. Most oncology trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIPs) have routinely excluded patients with HIV infection and chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) due to concerns about viral reactivation, fears of increased toxicity, and the potential lack of efficacy in these patient subgroups. However, with current antiviral therapies, HIV and HBV infections have become chronic diseases and HCV infections can even be cured. Broadening cancer trial eligibility criteria in order to include cancer patients with chronic viral infections can maximize the ecological validity of study results and the ability to understand the ICPIs’ benefit-risk profile in patients with these comorbidities. In this review, we examined the evidence on the efficacy and safety of using ICPIs in cancer patients with concurrent chronic viral infections.