Prospective investigation of risk factors for prostate cancer in the UK Biobank cohort study

Menée au Royaume-Uni à partir de données portant sur 219 335 hommes, cette étude de cohorte analyse les divers facteurs, endogènes ou comportementaux, associés au risque de cancer de la prostate (durée de suivi : 5,6 ans ; 4 575 cas)

Résumé en anglais

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in British men but its aetiology is not well understood. We aimed to identify risk factors for prostate cancer in British males.

Methods: We studied 219 335 men from the UK Biobank study who were free from cancer at baseline. Exposure data were collected at recruitment. Prostate cancer risk by the different exposures was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: In all, 4575 incident cases of prostate cancer occurred during 5.6 years of follow-up. Prostate cancer risk was positively associated with the following: black ethnicity (hazard ratio black vs white=2.61, 95% confidence interval=2.10–3.24); having ever had a prostate-specific antigen test (1.31, 1.23–1.40); being diagnosed with an enlarged prostate (1.54, 1.38–1.71); and having a family history of prostate cancer (1.94, 1.77–2.13). Conversely, Asian ethnicity (Asian vs white hazard ratio=0.62, 0.47–0.83), excess adiposity (body mass index (greater than or equal to35 vs <25 kg m−2=0.75, 0.64–0.88) and body fat (greater than or equal to30.1 vs <20.5%=0.81, 0.73–0.89)), cigarette smoking (current vs never smokers=0.85, 0.77–0.95), having diabetes (0.70, 0.62–0.80), and never having had children (0.89, 0.81–0.97) or sexual intercourse (0.53, 0.33–0.84) were related to a lower risk.

Conclusions: In this new large British prospective study, we identified associations with already-established, putative and possible novel risk factors for being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Future research will examine associations by tumour characteristics.