Role of epigenetic mechanisms in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells

Cet article passe en revue les travaux récents sur les mécanismes épigénétiques de régulation de la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse dans les cellules de cancer du sein

Résumé en anglais

The epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is a crucial process during normal development that allows dynamic and reversible shifts between epithelial and mesenchymal cell states. Cancer cells take advantage of the complex, interrelated cellular networks that regulate EMT, to promote their migratory and invasive capabilities. Over the last years, evidence accumulated that not only genetic mutations but also changes to epigenetic mechanisms are key drivers of EMT in cancer cells. Recent studies have begun to shed light on the epigenetic reprogramming in cancer cells that enables them to switch from a non-invasive towards an invasive, metastatic form. Here, we review our current knowledge on alterations of the epigenetic machinery, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome remodeling and expression of microRNAs, that are associated with EMT and tumor progression of breast cancer cells. Finally, we discuss existing and arising drug therapies targeting epigenetic regulators and their potential benefit for developing novel treatment strategies.