Reduced intensity conditioning and oral care measures prevent oral mucositis and reduces days of hospitalization in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients

Menée en Suède auprès de 171 participants (âge moyen : 50 ans), cette étude analyse l'incidence d'une mucite orale liée aux rayonnements et à une chimiothérapie intensive chez des patients ayant reçu une greffe allogénique de cellules souches avec conditionnement à intensité réduite et évalue l'efficacité de mesures orales préventives

Résumé en anglais

Purpose : Oral mucositis (OM) is a side effect of intensive chemotherapy and radiation and has been reported to affect 75–100 % of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of OM in patients conditioned with myeloablative conditioning (MAC) to reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and to determine the effect of a new oral care protocol.

Methods : The study involved 171 HSCT recipients, with hematological malignancies transplanted between 2007 and 2011. Median age of the patients was 50 years (range 12–71). Ninety-nine (58 %) received RIC and 72 received MAC. Clinical features of OM were recorded from day −3 before to day +25 after HSCT using the World Health Organization (WHO) scoring system and the oral mucositis assessment score (OMAS).

Results : Overall, 87 % of the patients developed OM of any severity, which peaked on days 10–11. The mean WHO score was 1.7. In multivariate analysis, the severity of OM was associated with MAC (relative hazard (RH) 1.57, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.37–1.80, p < 0.001), all donor-recipient gender combinations except female-to-male (RH = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.10–1.4, p = 0.001), and early year of HSCT (RH = 0.84, 95%CI 0.7–0.96, p = 0.013). There was a correlation between long hospitalization and OM (day 15, r = 0.31, p < 0.001). There was a good correlation between the WHO and OMAS scoring systems for OM (r = 0.74, p < 0.001).

Conclusions : Oral mucositis was reduced in patients treated with RIC and in patients treated during recent years, when oral care was intensified. Increased scores of OM prolonged hospitalization.