Stress response regulation of mRNA translation: Implications for antioxidant enzyme expression in cancer

Cet article passe en revue les principales voies de signalisation du stress physiologique (apport limité en nutriments et en oxygène dans le microenvironnement tumoral, stress oxydatif extrinsèque et intrinsèque...) impliquées dans la régulation de la traduction des ARN messagers puis examine les mécanismes d'adaptation des cellules cancéreuses pour favoriser l'expression des enzymes antioxydantes et se maintenir en vie

Résumé en anglais

From tumorigenesis to advanced metastatic stages, tumor cells encounter stress, ranging from limited nutrient and oxygen supply within the tumor microenvironment to extrinsic and intrinsic oxidative stress. Thus, tumor cells seize regulatory pathways to rapidly adapt to distinct physiologic conditions to promote cellular survival, including manipulation of mRNA translation. While it is now well established that metastatic tumor cells must up-regulate their antioxidant capacity to effectively spread and that regulation of antioxidant enzymes is imperative to disease progression, relatively few studies have assessed how translation and the hijacking of RNA systems contribute to antioxidant responses of tumors. Here, we review the major stress signaling pathways involved in translational regulation and discuss how these are affected by oxidative stress to promote prosurvival changes that manipulate antioxidant enzyme expression. We describe how tumors elicit these adaptive responses and detail how stress-induced translation can be regulated by kinases, RNA-binding proteins, RNA species, and RNA modification systems. We also highlight opportunities for further studies focused on the role of mRNA translation and RNA systems in the regulation of antioxidant enzyme expression, which may be of particular importance in the context of metastatic progression and therapeutic resistance.