Use of menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk in a French cohort study

Menée en France auprès de 75 606 femmes ménopausées de la cohorte "E3N" (durée moyenne de suivi : 15,3 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre le type de traitement hormonal substitutif utilisé et le risque de cancer de l'ovaire (416 cas)

Résumé en anglais

Epidemiological studies have found that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use is associated with an increased ovarian cancer risk. However, whether different MHT types confer the same level of risk is unclear. We estimated the associations between different MHT types and the risk of ovarian cancer in a prospective cohort.The study population included 75,606 postmenopausal women from the E3N cohort. Exposure to MHT was identified from self-reports in biennial questionnaires between 1992 and 2004 and from drug claim data matched to the cohort between 2004 and 2014. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ovarian cancer were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with MHT as a time-varying exposure. Tests of statistical significance were 2-sided.Over an average 15.3 years follow-up, 416 ovarian cancers were diagnosed. HRs of ovarian cancer associated with ever use of estrogens combined with progesterone or dydrogesterone and ever use of estrogens combined with other progestagen were equal to 1.28 (95%CI 1.04 to 1.57) and 0.81 (0.65 to 1.00), respectively (p-homogeneity = 0.003), compared with never use. The HR for unopposed estrogen use was 1.09 (0.82 to 1.46). We found no trend according to duration of use or time since last use except for estrogens combined with progesterone/dydrogesterone which showed decreasing risk with increasing time since last use.Different MHT types may impact ovarian cancer risk differentially. The possibility that MHT containing progestagens other than progesterone or dydrogesterone may confer some protection should be evaluated in other epidemiological studies.