Menée aux Etats-Unis par enquête auprès de 9 455 adolescents non fumeurs, cette étude analyse l'association entre une exposition aux publicités pour le tabac et la susceptibilité au tabagisme (curiosité pour les produits de tabac, intention d'essayer des produits)

Exploring how tobacco advertisements are associated with tobacco use susceptibility in tobacco naive adolescents from the PATH study

Li, Xiao ; Borodovsky, Jacob ; Kasson, Erin ; Kaiser, Nina ; Riordan, Raven ; Fentem, Andrea ; Cavazos-Rehg, Patricia A.

Adolescents' susceptibility to pro-tobacco marketing advertisements puts them at risk for initiating and continued use of tobacco. The objective of this study was to quantify the cross-sectional association between tobacco ad exposure and tobacco use susceptibility (e.g., curiosity about tobacco products, willingness, and future intention to try tobacco products) among tobacco-naive adolescents. Data came from Wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a [...]

Mené aux Etats-Unis entre 2016 et 2019 sur 357 fumeurs n'étant pas prêts à arrêter de fumer (âge moyen : 39,5 ans ; 54,6 % de femmes), cet essai randomisé évalue l'effet, sur la perception des dangers pour la santé et le comportement tabagique, d'une exposition aux avertissements sanitaires graphiques sur les paquets de cigarettes pendant 3 mois

Effect of Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs on US Smokers’ Cognitions and Smoking Behavior After 3 Months: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Strong, David R. ; Pierce, John P. ; Pulvers, Kim ; Stone, Matthew D. ; Villaseñor, Adriana ; Pu, Minya ; Dimofte, Claudiu V. ; Leas, Eric C. ; Oratowski, Jesica ; Brighton, Elizabeth ; Hurst, Samantha ; Kealey, Sheila ; Chen, Ruifeng ; Messer, Karen

The US Food and Drug Administration’s implementation of graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs is under challenge in US courts.To determine whether GWLs can affect US smokers’ perceptions about their cigarettes or health consequences and changes in smoking behavior.This study was a randomized clinical trial of the effect of a 3-month, real-world experience of cigarettes with GWL packaging. Community recruitment was done from September 2016 through December 2019 of daily smokers from [...]

Menée à partir de données 2008-2018 de l'Etat de Washington, cette étude analyse les disparités spatio-temporelles dans la couverture vaccinale contre le papillomavirus humain

Time and geographic variations in human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in Washington state

Pourebrahim, Nastaran ; Shah, Parth ; VoPham, Trang ; Doody, David R. ; Bell, Teal R. ; de Hart, M. Patricia ; Madeleine, Margaret M.

This study examines geographic variations of HPV vaccine uptake, the most significant disparity in HPV vaccination, in Washington State. We evaluated Washington State Immunization Information System (WA-IIS) data on target age (11–12 year old adolescents) between 2008 and 2018. A Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis was conducted to examine uptake at the census tract level. Urban-rural disparities in vaccine rates were assessed using t-tests. Persistently high and low vaccine areas and their [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de 79 347 jeunes âgés de 14 à 18 ans, cette étude analyse l'association entre les lois antitabac sur le lieu de travail et dans les lieux d'accueil (restaurants ou bars) et les comportements tabagiques, notamment en fonction de l'âge, du sexe et de l'origine ethnique

Smoke-Free Laws and Disparities in Youth Smoking in the U.S., 2001-2018

Titus, Andrea R. ; Xie, Yanmei ; Colston, David C. ; Patrick, Megan E. ; Elliott, Michael R. ; Levy, David T. ; Thrasher, James F. ; Fleischer, Nancy L.

Introduction: This study examines whether smoke-free laws are differentially associated with youth smoking outcomes by parental education, race/ethnicity, sex, and college plans in a U.S. sample. Methods: This study assessed the relationships between smoke-free laws in workplaces and hospitality venues (restaurants/bars) and past 30-day smoking participation, first cigarette initiation, and daily smoking initiation within a repeated cross-sectional sample of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders from the [...]

Cet article passe en revue les études analysant l'association entre une salpingo-ovariectomie prophylactique bilatérale et le risque de cancer du sein chez les femmes porteuses d'une mutation BRCA

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: Assessing the evidence

Conduit, Ciara ; Milne, Roger L ; Friedlander, Michael L ; Phillips, Kelly-Anne

Without preventive interventions, women with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have high lifetime risks for breast cancer (BC) and tubo-ovarian cancer. The increased risk for BC starts at a considerably younger age than that for tubo-ovarian cancer. Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (rrBSO) is effective in reducing tubo-ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, but whether it reduces BC risk is less clear. All studies of rrBSO and BC risk are [...]