Site-dependent immune escape of highly antigenic tumors without immunoediting

Menée à l'aide d'une lignée cellulaire d'adénocarcinome canalaire du pancréas et à l'aide de modèles murins, cette étude démontre que l'échappement immunitaire des tumeurs hautement antigéniques peut, dans certains tissus, ne pas nécessiter de processus d'immuno-édition

Résumé en anglais

T cell recognition of tumor neoantigens is critical for cancer immune surveillance and the efficacy of immunotherapy. Tumors can evade host immunity by altering their antigenicity or orchestrating an immunosuppressive microenvironment, leading to outgrowth of poorly immunogenic tumors through the well-established process of cancer immunoediting. Whether cancer immune surveillance and immunoediting depends on the tissue site of origin, however, is poorly understood. Herein, we study T cell-mediated surveillance of highly antigenic, clonal murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells expressing neoantigen. Whereas such tumors are robustly eliminated after subcutaneous or intravenous challenge, we observed selective immune escape within the pancreas and peritoneum. Tumor outgrowth occurred in the absence of immunoediting, and antitumor immunity could not be rescued by PD-1 or CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade. Instead, tumor escape was associated with diminished CD8+ T cell priming by type I conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s). Enhancing cDC1 cross-presentation by CD40 agonist treatment restored immunologic control by promoting T cell priming and broadening T cell responses through epitope spread. These findings demonstrate that immune escape of highly antigenic tumors can occur without immunoediting in a tissue-restricted manner, and highlight barriers to cDC1-mediated T cell priming imposed by certain microenvironments that must be addressed for successful combination immunotherapies.