Menée à partir de données d'enquêtes réalisées entre 2010 et 2018 auprès de 530 234 adolescents dans 143 pays (âge : 13-15 ans), cette étude évalue la prévalence mondiale récente du tabagisme chez les jeunes adolescents

Prevalence and trends in tobacco use among adolescents aged 13-15 years in 143 countries, 1999-2018: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys

Ma, Chuanwei ; Xi, Bo ; Li, Zilin ; Wu, Han ; Zhao, Min ; Liang, Yajun ; Bovet, Pascal

Background: Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Little is known about recent prevalence and trends in tobacco use among adolescents globally. We aimed to assess the recent global prevalence of tobacco use in young adolescents and the secular trends in prevalence between 1999 and 2018. Methods: We used the most recent Global Youth Tobacco Surveys data on adolescents aged 13–15 years from 143 countries or territories that had done at least one survey [...]

Menée à partir de données d'enquêtes réalisées entre 2010 et 2018 auprès de 530 234 adolescents dans 143 pays (âge : 13-15 ans), cette étude évalue la prévalence mondiale récente du tabagisme chez les jeunes adolescents

Tobacco-control challenges among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean region

Jawad, Mohammed ; Millett, Christopher ; Nakkash, Rima

The analysis of trends in global adolescent tobacco use by Chuanwei Ma and colleagues portrays a sombre situation and highlights the need to substantially strengthen public health efforts in tobacco control. Although the authors report a global 3·5% reduction in past-30-day cigarette use among adolescents aged 13–15 years over 10 years, they lament the unacceptably high most recent rates, especially among boys (11·3%). Worryingly, their findings uncovered a quietly growing phenomenon that has [...]

Ce dossier contient 2 études sur la chimioprévention du cancer colorectal par l'utilisation d'aspirine : l'une se concentre sur le moment et la durée d'utilisation et l'autre analyse son association avec la survie spécifique de la maladie

Associations of aspirin and non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with colorectal cancer mortality after diagnosis

Figueiredo, Jane C ; Jacobs, Eric J ; Newton, Christina C ; Guinter, Mark A ; Cance, William G ; Campbell, Peter T

Aspirin-use reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but there is limited evidence regarding associations of aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with CRC-specific survival.This prospective analysis includes women and men from the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort who were cancer-free at baseline (1992 or 1993) and diagnosed with CRC during incidence follow-up through 2015. Detailed information on aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID-use was self-reported [...]

Ce dossier contient 2 études sur la chimioprévention du cancer colorectal par l'utilisation d'aspirine : l'une se concentre sur le moment et la durée d'utilisation et l'autre analyse son association avec la survie spécifique de la maladie

Timing of aspirin use in colorectal cancer chemoprevention: a prospective cohort study

Zhang, Yin ; Chan, Andrew T ; Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A ; Giovannucci, Edward L

Prior epidemiological and intervention studies have not been able to separate independent effects of dose, timing and duration of aspirin use in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention. We examined aspirin-based CRC chemoprevention according to timing in the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.The exposures include cumulative average dose and total duration of aspirin use in > 10 years before follow-up started (remote period), and in the immediate 10 years before [...]

Ce dossier contient 2 études sur la chimioprévention du cancer colorectal par l'utilisation d'aspirine : l'une se concentre sur le moment et la durée d'utilisation et l'autre analyse son association avec la survie spécifique de la maladie

Aspirin and primary prevention of colorectal cancer: a still evolving story

McNeil, John J

Two studies reported in this issue of the Journal have provided new information on the relationship between regular aspirin use and colorectal cancer. Zhang and colleagues have addressed the use of aspirin for the primary prevention of this malignancy and have explored what dose of aspirin is required and how long it needs to be taken to reduce colorectal cancer incidence. Figueiredo and colleagues have studied whether the use of aspirin prior to or after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer [...]

Menée à l'aide de données 2003-2009 de la cohorte "Sister Study" portant sur 44 541 personnes (âge : 35-74 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 8,6 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre un diabète de type 2, une utilisation de metformine et le risque de cancer du sein (2 678 cas), en fonction du statut des récepteurs hormonaux

Diabetes, metformin and breast cancer: a tangled web

Lohmann, A. E. ; Goodwin, P. J.

In the midst of an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the association of diabetes and its treatment with breast cancer (BC) risk has been receiving increasing attention. This association is biologically plausible, given the numerous metabolic perturbations seen in T2D (e.g. hyperinsulinemia, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation) that may impact cancer. Indeed, two meta-analyses have identified a modest but statistically significant association of T2D with overall BC risk [summary [...]

Menée à l'aide de données 2003-2009 de la cohorte "Sister Study" portant sur 44 541 personnes (âge : 35-74 ans ; durée médiane de suivi : 8,6 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre un diabète de type 2, une utilisation de metformine et le risque de cancer du sein (2 678 cas), en fonction du statut des récepteurs hormonaux

A prospective study of type 2 diabetes, metformin use, and risk of breast cancer

Park, Y. M. M. ; Bookwalter, D. B. ; O'Brien, K. M. ; Jackson, C. L. ; Weinberg, C. R. ; Sandler, D. P.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with increased breast cancer risk, but commonly prescribed antidiabetic medications such as metformin may reduce risk. Few studies have investigated T2D and medications together in relation to breast cancer. Patients and methods: Data came from 44 541 Sister Study participants aged 35 to 74 years at enrollment (2003-2009) who satisfied eligibility criteria, followed through 15 September 2017. Information on time-varying, self-reported, [...]