Menée à partir de données 2015-2018 d'enquêtes nationales sur le tabac et la santé aux Etats-Unis, cette étude analyse l'association entre la consommation de produits aromatisés pour cigarettes électroniques et les comportements de sevrage tabagique

Adults' E-Cigarette Flavor Use and Cigarette Quit Attempts: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Findings

Kasza, Karin A. ; Edwards, Kathryn C. ; Gravely, Shannon ; Coleman, Blair ; Kimmel, Heather ; Everard, Colm ; Goniewicz, Maciej L. ; Fong, Geoffrey T. ; Hyland, Andrew

Prevalence of use of e-cigarettes among youth and adults in the U.S. continues to rise, and flavored tobacco product use is associated with initiation and subsequent use of tobacco products. However, little data exist on whether flavored e-cigarettes are associated with cigarette-cessation behaviors, including attempting to quit cigarette smoking and quit success among those who attempt to quit, although Buu et al. found that among exclusive cigarette smokers, using flavored e-cigarettes 1 year [...]

Cette étude fait le point sur l'efficacité des crèmes solaires pour la prévention des cancers de la peau mais également sur leurs inconvénients, notamment leur impact environnemental

The efficacy and safety of sunscreen use for the prevention of skin cancer

Sander, Megan ; Sander, Michael ; Burbidge, Toni ; Beecker, Jennifer

In Canada, more than 80 000 cases of skin cancer are diagnosed every year. Because exposure to ultraviolet radiation is estimated to be associated with 80%–90% of skin cancers, the use of sunscreen — which blocks ultraviolet radiation — is promoted as an important means of preventing skin cancers as well as sunburn and skin photoaging (see definitions in Appendix 1, available at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.201085/tab-related-content). Use of sunscreen has been shown to reduce the [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à l'aide des données d'un questionnaire réalisé auprès de 59 388 participants (durée médiane de suivi : 18,2 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre un score évaluant la qualité de l'alimentation et la mortalité toutes causes confondues ou par cancer (3 303 décès)

Alignment of dietary patterns with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

George, Stephanie M ; Reedy, Jill ; Cespedes Feliciano, Elizabeth M ; Aragaki, Aaron ; Caan, Bette J ; Kahle, Lisa ; Manson, JoAnn E ; Rohan, Thomas E ; Snetselaar, Linda G ; Tinker, Lesley F ; Van Horn, Linda ; Neuhouser, Marian L

Poor diet quality is a leading risk factor for death in the United States (U.S.). We examined the association between Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores and death from all-causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia not otherwise specified (NOS) among postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (1993-2017). This analysis included 59,388 participants who completed a food frequency questionnaire and were free of cancer, CVD [...]

Menée à partir des données d'une étude portant sur 536 359 Américains (durée de suivi : 6,4 millions de personnes-années), cette étude analyse l'association entre l'apport total en magnésium et le risque de cancer du foie (1 067 cas)

Magnesium intake is associated with a reduced risk of incident liver cancer, based on an analysis of the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study prospective cohort

Shah, Shailja C ; Zhu, Xiangzhu ; Dai, Qi ; Peek, Richard M, Jr ; Shrubsole, Martha J

Liver cancer incidence and mortality are escalating globally. Magnesium intake has been studied extensively in nonmalignant liver pathology, but the association between dietary intake of magnesium and primary liver malignancy has not been previously evaluated.We aimed to determine the association between total magnesium intake and primary liver cancer risk.Using the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study prospective cohort, we estimated the association [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en mars 2020 (6 essais randomisés, 8 541 patients), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une utilisation de metformine et le risque de cancer de la peau chez des patients diabétiques

Risk of Skin Cancer Associated with Metformin Use: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies

Chang, Michael S. ; Hartman, Rebecca I. ; Xue, Junchao ; Giovannucci, Edward L. ; Nan, Hongmei ; Yang, Keming

Previous studies demonstrate mixed evidence regarding the association between metformin and skin cancer risk. To synthesize prior evidence and evaluate the association between metformin and skin cancer risk in patients with diabetes/prediabetes, we conducted a meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was performed up to March 23, 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies of metformin that reported any event of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell [...]

Menée en Australie à partir de données d'enquêtes portant sur 725 femmes ayant un risque de cancer du sein et sur 221 soignants, cette étude analyse les facteurs entravant ou facilitant l'utilisation d'une chimioprévention

Breast Cancer Chemoprevention: Use and Views of Australian Women and Their Clinicians

Macdonald, Courtney ; Saunders, Christobel M. ; Keogh, Louise A. ; Hunter, Morgan ; Mazza, Danielle ; McLachlan, Sue-Anne ; Jones, Sandra C. ; Nesci, Stephanie ; Friedlander, Michael L. ; Hopper, John L. ; Emery, Jon D. ; Hickey, Martha ; Milne, Roger L. ; Phillips, Kelly-Anne

Guidelines endorse the use of chemoprevention for breast cancer risk reduction. This study examined the barriers and facilitators to chemoprevention use for Australian women at increased risk of breast cancer, and their clinicians. Surveys, based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, were mailed to 1,113 women at ≥16% lifetime risk of breast cancer who were enrolled in the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer cohort study (kConFab), and their 524 [...]

Menée à l'aide d'une modélisation et en prenant l'exemple de l'Inde, cette étude analyse la faisabilité, du point de vue sanitaire et financier, de l'éradication du papillomavirus humain (HPV) et du cancer du col de l'utérus grâce à la vaccination anti-HPV

From cervical cancer elimination to eradication of vaccine-type human papillomavirus: Feasibility, public health strategies and cost-effectiveness

Jit, Mark ; Prem, Kiesha ; Bénard, Élodie ; Brisson, Marc

The Director-General of the World Health Organization has called for global action towards elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), an infectious agent with no non-human reservoir. One way to achieve this is through very high levels of vaccine coverage that could enable global eradication of vaccine-type HPV. Using the case study of India, we show that HPV eradication can meet all the Dahlem and Strüngmann criteria for [...]