Menée dans 12 pays européens auprès d'un échantillon de la population âgée d'au moins 15 ans, cette étude analyse l'exposition passive aux aérosols des cigarettes électroniques dans un environnement intérieur chez les non utilisateurs d'e-cigarette (11 604 individus)

Exposure to secondhand aerosol of electronic cigarettes in indoor settings in 12 European countries: data from the TackSHS survey

Amalia, Beladenta ; Liu, Xiaoqiu ; Lugo, Alessandra ; Fu, Marcela ; Odone, Anna ; van den Brandt, Piet A ; Semple, Sean ; Clancy, Luke ; Soriano, Joan B ; Fernández, Esteve ; GALLUS, Silvano

Introduction: Exposure to secondhand aerosol from e-cigarette (SHA) may pose harmful effects to bystanders. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, duration and determinants of SHA exposure in various indoor settings in 12 European countries. Methods: In 2017–2018, we conducted a cross-sectional study, the TackSHS survey, on a representative sample of the population aged ≥15 years in 12 European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, [...]

Menée auprès de 6 382 femmes ménopausées (âge : au moins 60 ans), cette étude analyse l'effet d'une activité physique mesurée par un accéléromètre sur l'incidence de 13 cancers (1 188 cas), en fonction de l'âge, du statut tabagique, de l'origine ethnique et de l'indice de masse corporelle (durée médiane de suivi : 4,7 ans avant diagnostic)

Associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and physical activity-related cancer incidence in older women: results from the WHI OPACH Study

Parada, Humberto ; McDonald, Emily ; Bellettiere, John ; Evenson, Kelly R. ; LaMonte, Michael J. ; LaCroix, Andrea Z.

Background: We examined the associations between accelerometry-measured physical activity (PA) and incidence of 13 cancers among a cohort of postmenopausal women. Methods: In this prospective study, 6382 women wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers at the hip for up to 7 days during 2012–2013, and were followed over a median of 4.7 years for diagnosis of 13 invasive cancers. Calibrated intensity cut points were used to define minutes per day of total, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA. We used [...]

Menée en Grèce en 2013 par enquête auprès d'environ 5 000 élèves âgés de 13 à 15 ans, cette étude analyse les comportements tabagiques et le tabagisme passif chez les jeunes

Prevalence and determinants of current cigarette smoking and secondhand smoking among Greek adolescents: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2013 study

Rachiotis, George ; Barbouni, Anastasia ; Basagiannis, Athanasios ; Katsioulis, Antonis ; Kostikas, Konstantinos ; Mouchtouri, Varvara ; Merakou, Kyriakoula ; Kremastinou, Jenny ; Hadjichristodoulou, Christos S

Objectives: Smoking prevalence in Greece is considered high within the European Union and the collection of evidence on tobacco use among adolescents is of vital importance in order to develop effective smoking prevention and cessation programmes. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Greece. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a national representative, paper-and-pencil, cross-sectional, school-based study of students at ages 13–15 years. The survey [...]

Menée en Grèce en 2013 par enquête auprès de 4 096 élèves âgés de 13 à 15 ans, cette étude analyse les facteurs associés à une utilisation de la cigarette électronique, puis évalue la relation entre cette utilisation et la consommation de tabac ou d'autres produits à base de nicotine

Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Use and its Determinants among 13-to-15-Year-Old Students in Greece: Results from the 2013 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)

Soteriades, Soteris ; Barbouni, Anastasia ; Rachiotis, George ; Grevenitou, Panoraia ; Mouchtouri, Varvara ; Pinaka, Ourania ; Dadouli, Katerina ; Hadjichristodoulou, Christos

Electronic cigarette use has increased over the past decade. Its potential role in smoking cessation, in addiction and as a ‘gateway’ to tobacco smoking is subject to intense research. This cross-sectional study, carried out in 2013, aims to present the habits of students aged 13–15 in Greece with regard to e-cigarettes and investigate potential risk factors and the relationship between e-cigarettes, tobacco smoking and other nicotine products. It is the first such study to be carried out in [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données portant sur 75 614 individus sur la période 2003-2009, cette étude analyse l'association entre le risque de coups de soleil sur la plage (évalué en fonction de facteurs corporels, météorologiques et démographiques) et les comportements de protection solaire

Incidence and public health burden of sunburn among beachgoers in the United States

DeFlorio-Barker, Stephanie ; Holman, Dawn ; Landolfi, Robert ; Arnold, Benjamin F. ; Colford, John M. ; Weisberg, Stephen B. ; Schiff, Kenneth C. ; Sams, Elizabeth A. ; Wade, Timothy J.

The beach environment creates many barriers to effective sun protection, putting beachgoers at risk for sunburn, a well-established risk factor for skin cancer. Our objective was to estimate incidence of sunburn among beachgoers and evaluate the relationship between sunburn incidence and sun-protective behaviors. A secondary analysis, of prospective cohorts at 12 locations within the U.S. from 2003 to 2009 (n = 75,614), were pooled to evaluate sunburn incidence 10–12 days after the beach visit. [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en novembre 2019 (13 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre des facteurs reproductifs ou liés au mode de vie, et modifiables, et le risque de cancer du sein controlatéral

The impact of lifestyle and reproductive factors on the risk of a second new primary cancer in the contralateral breast: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Akdeniz, Delal ; Klaver, M. Maria ; Smith, Chloé Z. A. ; Koppert, Linetta B. ; Hooning, Maartje J.

Purpose: The risk of being diagnosed with contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is an important health issue among breast cancer survivors. There is an increasing interest in the effect of lifestyle and reproductive factors on CBC risk, since these factors may partly be modifiable. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis and aimed to evaluate the impact of lifestyle and reproductive factors on CBC risk in population-based breast cancer studies. Methods: The PubMed electronic database was [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis par questionnaire auprès de 104 025 participants inclus dans l'essai "Prostate, Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial" (âge : 55-74 ans ; durée moyenne de suivi : 11,5 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre un apport en magnésium provenant de l'alimentation ou de suppléments et l'incidence du cancer primitif du foie (116 cas) ainsi que la mortalité associée (100 décès)

Magnesium intake and primary liver cancer incidence and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Zhong, Guo-Chao ; Peng, Yang ; Wang, Kang ; Wan, Lun ; Wu, You-Qi-Le ; Hao, Fa-Bao ; Hu, Jie-Jun ; Gu, Hai-Tao

Epidemiological studies on magnesium intake and primary liver cancer (PLC) are scarce, and no prospective studies have examined the associations of magnesium intake with PLC incidence and mortality. We sought to clarify whether higher magnesium intake from diet and supplements was associated with lower risks of PLC incidence and mortality in the US population. Magnesium intake from diet and supplements was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 104,025 participants. Cox [...]

Menée en France à partir de données 2014-2018 portant sur 25 592 participants (durée de suivi : 3,8 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre un indicateur caractérisant une alimentation durable et le risque de cancer (483 cas)

Prospective associations between sustainable dietary pattern assessed with the Sustainable Diet Index (SDI) and risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort

Seconda, Louise ; Baudry, Julia ; Allès, Benjamin ; Touvier, Mathilde ; Hercberg, Serge ; Pointereau, Philippe ; Lairon, Denis ; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle

To ensure a sustainable development, it is essential to better characterize the relationships between diet sustainability and health. We investigated the associations between sustainable dietary patterns, assessed using the Sustainable Diet Index (SDI) and the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases in a large prospective cohort of French volunteers. We computed the SDI among 25,592 participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort using a database developed within the BioNutriNet project comprising [...]

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée entre 2014 et 2017 (22 essais ; 95 670 participants âgés de 8 à 72 ans ; durée moyenne de suivi : 49 mois), cette méta-analyse évalue les avantages et les inconvénients du vaccin contre le papillomavirus humain

Benefits and harms of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines: systematic review with meta-analyses of trial data from clinical study reports

Jørgensen, Lars ; Gøtzsche, Peter C. ; Jefferson, Tom

Objective: To assess the benefits and harms of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. Data sources: Clinical study reports obtained from the European Medicines Agency and GlaxoSmithKline from 2014 to 2017. Eligibility criteria: Randomised trials that compared an HPV vaccine with a placebo or active comparator in healthy participants of all ages. Appraisal and synthesis: Two researchers extracted data and judged risk of bias with the Cochrane tool (version 2011). Risk ratio (RR) estimates were [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis à l'aide d'échantillons biopsiques collectés auprès de 489 femmes examinées par colposcopie, cette étude analyse la prévalence du papillomavirus humain dans les prélèvements et estime la part évitable d'infections par le HPV grâce à la vaccination nonavalente

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types among Alaska native women attending a colposcopy clinic in Anchorage, Alaska, 2009–2011

Murphy, N. J. ; Bulkow, L. R. ; Steinau, M. ; Dunne, E. F. ; Meites, E. ; Markowitz, L. E. ; Unger, E. R. ; Hennessy, T. W.

Background: The first HPV vaccines licensed targeted two HPV types responsible for most cervical cancers. A 9-valent vaccine (9vHPV), targeting 5 additional types, was introduced in 2016 and is currently the only HPV vaccine available in the United States. Previous studies demonstrated high rates of HPV infection in Alaska Native (AN) women. We sought to measure prevalence of high risk HPV types in AN women undergoing colposcopy and to determine those preventable by vaccination. Methods: For [...]

Menée aux Etats-Unis par questionnaires auprès d'environ 1 500 jeunes agés de 18 à 20 ans, cette étude analyse l'effet, sur les comportements d'achats et l'accès aux produits de tabac, des lois portant à 21 ans l'âge légal minimum pour s'en procurer

E-cigarette and cigarette purchasing among young adults before and after implementation of California’s tobacco 21 policy

Schiff, Sara ; Liu, Fei ; Cruz, Tess Boley ; Unger, Jennifer B ; Cwalina, Sam ; Leventhal, Adam ; McConnell, Rob ; Barrington-Trimis, Jessica

Background: Tobacco 21 (T21) laws, which raise the minimum legal age of sale of tobacco products to 21, have been proposed and implemented in states and cities across the USA. However, limited data are available on the effect of T21 laws on youth tobacco purchasing behaviours and access to tobacco products. Methods: Participants in a population-based prospective cohort in southern California completed questionnaires before (n=1609, age=18–19 y) and after (n=1502, age=19–20 y) T21 was [...]

Cet article fait le point sur les indications d'une salpingectomie pour prévenir un cancer de l'ovaire

Prophylactic salpingectomy for the prevention of ovarian cancer: Who should we target?

Kotsopoulos, Joanne ; Narod, Steven A.

Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecologic malignancy (50% 5-year survival) due to a typically advanced stage at diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence. Chemoprevention options are limited, and few interventions have been shown to reduce cancer risk or mortality. Emerging data support the model that fallopian tubes are the site of origin for a proportion of high-grade serous cancers. This implies that a subset of cancers may be prevented by removing the fallopian tubes while leaving the [...]

Menée auprès de 105 patientes devant subir une cholécystectomie laparoscopique (âge moyen : 55 ans), cette étude analyse l'intérêt de réaliser en même temps une salpingectomie bilatérale pour réduire leur risque de cancer de l'ovaire

Prophylactic salpingectomy for prevention of ovarian cancer at the time of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Tomasch, G. ; Lemmerer, M. ; Oswald, S. ; Uranitsch, S. ; Schauer, C. ; Schütz, A.-M. ; Bliem, B. ; Berger, A. ; Lang, P. F. J. ; Rosanelli, G. ; Ronaghi, F. ; Tschmelitsch, J. ; Lax, S. F. ; Uranues, S. ; Tamussino, K.

Background: Most serous ovarian cancers are now understood to originate in the fallopian tubes. Removing the tubes (salpingectomy) likely reduces the risk of developing high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Numerous gynaecological societies now recommend prophylactic (or opportunistic) salpingectomy at the time of gynaecological surgery in appropriate women, and this is widely done. Salpingectomy at the time of non-gynaecological surgery has not been explored and may present an opportunity for [...]